Peta-electron volt gamma-ray emission from the Crab Nebula The LHAASO Collaboration

被引:137
作者
Cao, Zhen [1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ]
Aharonian, F. [6 ,7 ]
An, Q. [6 ,8 ]
Axikegu [10 ,11 ]
Bai, L. X. [12 ]
Bai, Y. X. [1 ,2 ,3 ,5 ]
Bao, Y. W. [13 ]
Bastieri, D. [14 ]
Bi, X. J. [1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ]
Bi, Y. J. [1 ,2 ,3 ,5 ]
Cai, H. [15 ]
Cai, J. T. [14 ]
Cao, Zhe [8 ,9 ]
Chang, J. [16 ]
Chang, J. F. [1 ,2 ,3 ,5 ,8 ]
Chen, B. M. [17 ]
Chen, E. S. [1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ]
Chen, J. [12 ]
Chen, Liang [1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ]
Chen, View Orcid ProfileLiang [18 ]
Chen, Long [10 ,11 ]
Chen, M. J. [1 ,2 ,3 ,5 ]
Chen, M. L. [1 ,2 ,3 ,5 ,8 ]
Chen, Q. H. [10 ,11 ]
Chen, S. H. [1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ]
Chen, S. Z. [1 ,2 ,3 ,5 ]
Chen, T. L. [19 ]
Chen, X. L. [1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ]
Chen, Y. [13 ]
Cheng, N. [1 ,2 ,3 ,5 ]
Cheng, Y. D. [1 ,2 ,3 ,5 ]
Cui, S. W. [17 ]
Cui, X. H. [20 ]
Cui, Y. D. [21 ,22 ]
Piazzoli, B. D'Ettorre [23 ]
Dai, B. Z. [24 ]
Dai, H. L. [1 ,2 ,3 ,5 ,8 ]
Dai, Z. G. [9 ]
Danzengluobu [19 ]
della Volpe, D. [25 ]
Dong, X. J. [1 ,2 ,3 ,5 ]
Duan, K. K. [16 ]
Fan, J. H. [14 ]
Fan, Y. Z. [16 ]
Fan, Z. X. [1 ,2 ,3 ,5 ]
Fang, J. [24 ]
Fang, K. [1 ,2 ,3 ,5 ]
Feng, C. F. [26 ]
Feng, L. [16 ]
Feng, S. H. [1 ,2 ,3 ,5 ]
机构
[1] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Particle Astrophys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China
[2] Chinese Acad Sci, Expt Phys Div, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China
[3] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China
[4] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China
[5] Tianfu Cosm Ray Res Ctr, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China
[6] Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland
[7] Max Planck Inst Nucl Phys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
[8] State Key Lab Particle Detect & Elect, Shanghai, Peoples R China
[9] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China
[10] Southwest Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Technol, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China
[11] Southwest Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Informat Sci & Technol, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China
[12] Sichuan Univ, Coll Phys, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China
[13] Nanjing Univ, Sch Astron & Space Sci, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
[14] Guangzhou Univ, Ctr Astrophys, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, Peoples R China
[15] Wuhan Univ, Sch Phys & Technol, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, Peoples R China
[16] Chinese Acad Sci, Purple Mt Observ, Key Lab Dark Matter & Space Astron, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
[17] Hebei Normal Univ, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, Peoples R China
[18] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Astron Observ, Key Lab Res Galaxies & Cosmol, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China
[19] Tibet Univ, Key Lab Cosm Rays, Minist Educ, Lhasa 850000, Tibet, Peoples R China
[20] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China
[21] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, Peoples R China
[22] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Phys Guangzhou, Zhuhai 519000, Peoples R China
[23] Univ Napoli Federico II, Complesso Univ Monte St Angelo, Dipartimento Fis, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Naples, Italy
[24] Yunnan Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, Peoples R China
[25] Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Nucl & Corpusculaire, Fac Sci, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
[26] Shandong Univ, Inst Frontier & Interdisciplinary Sci, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, Peoples R China
[27] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Engn Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
[28] Zhengzhou Univ, Sch Phys & Microelect, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, Peoples R China
[29] Chinese Acad Sci, Yunnan Observ, Kunming 650216, Yunnan, Peoples R China
[30] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia
[31] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China
[32] Guangxi Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Technol, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, Peoples R China
[33] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Tsung Dao Lee Inst, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China
[34] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China
[35] Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
[36] Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Moscow 141700, Russia
[37] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Space Sci Ctr, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China
基金
国家重点研发计划;
关键词
PULSAR WIND NEBULAE; ENERGY COSMIC-RAYS; ACCELERATION; SPECTRUM; ORIGIN; SYNCHROTRON; PARTICLES; DISCOVERY; RADIATION; FLARES;
D O I
10.1126/science.abg5137
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
The Crab Nebula is a bright source of gamma rays powered by the Crab Pulsar's rotational energy through the formation and termination of a relativistic electron-positron wind. We report the detection of gamma rays from this source with energies from 5 x 10(-4) to 1.1 peta-electron volts with a spectrum showing gradual steepening over three energy decades. The ultrahigh-energy photons imply the presence of a peta-electron volt electron accelerator (a pevatron) in the nebula, with an acceleration rate exceeding 15% of the theoretical limit. We constrain the pevatron's size between 0.025 and 0.1 parsecs and the magnetic field to approximate to 110 microgauss. The production rate of peta-electron volt electrons, 2.5 x 10(36) ergs per second, constitutes 0.5% of the pulsar spin-down luminosity, although we cannot exclude a contribution of peta-electron volt protons to the production of the highest-energy gamma rays.
引用
收藏
页码:425 / +
页数:37
相关论文
共 66 条
  • [1] Resolving the Crab pulsar wind nebula at teraelectronvolt energies
    Abdalla, H.
    Aharonian, F.
    Ait Benkhali, F.
    Anguner, E. O.
    Arakawa, M.
    Arcaro, C.
    Armand, C.
    Backes, M.
    Barnard, M.
    Becherini, Y.
    Becker Tjus, J.
    Berge, D.
    Bernloehr, K.
    Blackwell, R.
    Bottcher, M.
    Boisson, C.
    Bolmont, J.
    Bonnefoy, S.
    Bordas, P.
    Bregeon, J.
    Brun, F.
    Brun, P.
    Bryan, M.
    Buechele, M.
    Bulik, T.
    Bylund, T.
    Capasso, M.
    Caroff, S.
    Carosi, A.
    Casanova, S.
    Cerruti, M.
    Chakraborty, N.
    Chand, T.
    Chandra, S.
    Chaves, R. C. G.
    Chen, A.
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Condon, B.
    Davids, I. D.
    Deil, C.
    Devin, J.
    DeWilt, P.
    Dirson, L.
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Dmytriiev, A.
    Donath, A.
    Doroshenko, V.
    Drury, L. O'C
    Dyks, J.
    Egberts, K.
    [J]. NATURE ASTRONOMY, 2020, 4 (02) : 167 - 173
  • [2] Measurement of the Crab Nebula Spectrum Past 100 TeV with HAWC
    Abeysekara, A. U.
    Albert, A.
    Alfaro, R.
    Alvarez, C.
    Alvarez, J. D.
    Angeles Camacho, J. R.
    Arceo, R.
    Arteaga-Velazquez, J. C.
    Arunbabu, K. P.
    Avila Rojas, D.
    Solares, H. A. Ayala
    Baghmanyan, V.
    Belmont-Moreno, E.
    BenZvi, S. Y.
    Brisbois, C.
    Caballero-Mora, K. S.
    Capistran, T.
    Carraminana, A.
    Casanova, S.
    Cotti, U.
    Cotzomi, J.
    Coutino de Leon, S.
    De la Fuente, E.
    de Leon, C.
    Dichiara, S.
    Dingus, B. L.
    DuVernois, M. A.
    Diaz-Velez, J. C.
    Ellsworth, R. W.
    Engel, K.
    Espinoza, C.
    Fick, B.
    Fleischhack, H.
    Fraija, N.
    Galvan-Gamez, A.
    Garcia-Gonzalez, J. A.
    Garfias, F.
    Gonzalez, M. M.
    Goodman, J. A.
    Harding, J. P.
    Hernandez, S.
    Hinton, J.
    Hona, B.
    Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F.
    Hui, C. M.
    Huntemeyer, P.
    Iriarte, A.
    Jardin-Blicq, A.
    Joshi, V.
    Kaufmann, S.
    [J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2019, 881 (02)
  • [3] MAGIC very large zenith angle observations of the Crab Nebula up to 100 TeV
    Acciari, V. A.
    Ansoldi, S.
    Antonelli, L. A.
    Engels, A. Arbet
    Baack, D.
    Babic, A.
    Banerjee, B.
    Barres de Almeida, U.
    Barrio, J. A.
    Becerra Gonzalez, J.
    Bednarek, W.
    Bellizzi, L.
    Bernardini, E.
    Berti, A.
    Besenrieder, J.
    Bhattacharyya, W.
    Bigongiari, C.
    Biland, A.
    Blanch, O.
    Bonnoli, G.
    Bosnjak, Z.
    Busetto, G.
    Carosi, A.
    Carosi, R.
    Ceribella, G.
    Chai, Y.
    Chilingaryan, A.
    Cikota, S.
    Colak, S. M.
    Colin, U.
    Colombo, E.
    Contreras, J. L.
    Cortina, J.
    Covino, S.
    D'Amico, G.
    D'Elia, V
    Da Vela, P.
    Dazzi, F.
    De Angelis, A.
    De Lotto, B.
    Delfino, M.
    Delgado, J.
    Depaoli, D.
    Di Pierro, F.
    Di Venere, L.
    Do Souto Espineira, E.
    Prester, D. Dominis
    Donini, A.
    Dorner, D.
    Doro, M.
    [J]. ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2020, 635
  • [4] Observations of the crab nebula with HESS
    Aharonian, F.
    Akhperjanian, A. G.
    Bazer-Bachi, A. R.
    Beilicke, M.
    Benbow, W.
    Berge, D.
    Bernloehr, K.
    Boisson, C.
    Bolz, O.
    Borrel, V.
    Braun, I.
    Breitling, F.
    Brown, A. M.
    Buehler, R.
    Buesching, I.
    Carrigan, S.
    Chadwick, P. M.
    Chounet, L. -M.
    Cornils, R.
    Costamante, L.
    Degrange, B.
    Dickinson, H. J.
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Drury, L. O'C.
    Dubus, G.
    Egberts, K.
    Emmanoulopoulos, D.
    Espigat, P.
    Feinstein, F.
    Ferrero, E.
    Fiasson, A.
    Fontaine, G.
    Funk, Seb.
    Funk, S.
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Giebels, B.
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    Goret, P.
    Hadjichristidis, C.
    Hauser, D.
    Hauser, M.
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Henri, G.
    Hermann, G.
    Hinton, J. A.
    Hofmann, W.
    Holleran, M.
    Horns, D.
    Jacholkowska, A.
    de Jager, O. C.
    [J]. ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2006, 457 (03) : 899 - 915
  • [5] Observation of the Crab Nebula with LHAASO-KM2A-a performance study
    Aharonian, F.
    An, Q.
    Axikegu
    Bai, L. X.
    Bai, Y. X.
    Bao, Y. W.
    Bastieri, D.
    Bi, X. J.
    Bi, Y. J.
    Cai, H.
    Cai, J. T.
    Cao, Z.
    Chang, J.
    Chang, J. F.
    Chang, X. C.
    Chen, B. M.
    Chen, J.
    Chen, L.
    Chen, L.
    Chen, L.
    Chen, M. J.
    Chen, M. L.
    Chen, Q. H.
    Chen, S. H.
    Chen, S. Z.
    Chen, T. L.
    Chen, X. L.
    Chen, Y.
    Cheng, N.
    Cheng, Y. D.
    Cui, S. W.
    Cui, X. H.
    Cui, Y. D.
    Dai, B. Z.
    Dai, H. L.
    Dai, Z. G.
    Danzengluobu
    della Volpe, D.
    Piazzoli, B. D'Ettorre
    Dong, X. J.
    Fan, J. H.
    Fan, Y. Z.
    Fan, Z. X.
    Fang, J.
    Fang, K.
    Feng, C. F.
    Feng, L.
    Feng, S. H.
    Feng, Y. L.
    Gao, B.
    [J]. CHINESE PHYSICS C, 2021, 45 (02)
  • [6] The Crab nebula and pulsar between 500 gev and 80 tev:: Observations with the HEGRA stereoscopic air Cerenkov telescopes
    Aharonian, F
    Akhperjanian, A
    Beilicke, M
    Bernlöhr, K
    Börst, HG
    Bojahr, H
    Bolz, O
    Coarasa, T
    Contreras, JL
    Cortina, J
    Denninghoff, S
    Fonseca, MV
    Girma, M
    Götting, N
    Heinzelmann, G
    Hermann, G
    Heusler, A
    Hofmann, W
    Horns, D
    Jung, I
    Kankanyan, R
    Kestel, M
    Kohnle, A
    Konopelko, A
    Kranich, D
    Lampeitl, H
    Lopez, M
    Lorenz, E
    Lucarelli, F
    Mang, O
    Mazin, D
    Meyer, H
    Mirzoyan, R
    Moralejo, A
    Oña-Wilhelmi, E
    Panter, M
    Plyasheshnikov, A
    Puhlhofer, G
    de los Reyes, R
    Rhode, W
    Ripken, J
    Rowell, G
    Sahakian, V
    Samorski, M
    Schilling, M
    Siems, M
    Sobzynska, D
    Stamm, W
    Tluczykont, M
    Vitale, V
    [J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2004, 614 (02) : 897 - 913
  • [7] Abrupt acceleration of a 'cold' ultrarelativistic wind from the Crab pulsar
    Aharonian, F. A.
    Bogovalov, S. V.
    Khangulyan, D.
    [J]. NATURE, 2012, 482 (7386) : 507 - 509
  • [8] Constraints on the extremely high-energy cosmic ray accelerators from classical electrodynamics
    Aharonian, FA
    Belyanin, AA
    Derishev, EV
    Kocharovsky, VV
    Kocharovsky, VV
    [J]. PHYSICAL REVIEW D, 2002, 66 (02):
  • [9] Measurement of the Crab Nebula spectrum over three decades in energy with the MAGIC telescopes
    Aleksic, J.
    Ansoldi, S.
    Antonelli, L. A.
    Antoranz, P.
    Babic, A.
    Bangale, P.
    Barrio, J. A.
    Becerra Gonzalez, J.
    Bednarek, W.
    Bernardini, E.
    Biasuzzi, B.
    Biland, A.
    Blanch, O.
    Bonnefoy, S.
    Bonnoli, G.
    Borracci, F.
    Bretz, T.
    Carmona, E.
    Carosi, A.
    Colin, P.
    Colombo, E.
    Contreras, J. L.
    Cortina, J.
    Covino, S.
    Da Vela, P.
    Dazzi, F.
    De Angelis, A.
    De Caneva, G.
    De Lotto, B.
    de Ona Wilhelmi, E.
    Delgado Mendez, C.
    Doert, M.
    Prester, D. Dominis
    Dorner, D.
    Doro, M.
    Einecke, S.
    Eisenacher, D.
    Elsaesser, D.
    Fonseca, M. V.
    Font, L.
    Frantzen, K.
    Fruck, C.
    Galindo, D.
    Garcia Lopez, R. J.
    Garczarczyk, M.
    Terrats, D. Garrido
    Gaug, M.
    Godinovic, N.
    Gonzalez Munoz, A.
    Gozzini, S. R.
    [J]. JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYSICS, 2015, 5-6 : 30 - 38
  • [10] Detection of Pulsed Gamma Rays Above 100 GeV from the Crab Pulsar
    Aliu, E.
    Arlen, T.
    Aune, T.
    Beilicke, M.
    Benbow, W.
    Bouvier, A.
    Bradbury, S. M.
    Buckley, J. H.
    Bugaev, V.
    Byrum, K.
    Cannon, A.
    Cesarini, A.
    Christiansen, J. L.
    Ciupik, L.
    Collins-Hughes, E.
    Connolly, M. P.
    Cui, W.
    Dickherber, R.
    Duke, C.
    Errando, M.
    Falcone, A.
    Finley, J. P.
    Finnegan, G.
    Fortson, L.
    Furniss, A.
    Galante, N.
    Gall, D.
    Gibbs, K.
    Gillanders, G. H.
    Godambe, S.
    Griffin, S.
    Grube, J.
    Guenette, R.
    Gyuk, G.
    Hanna, D.
    Holder, J.
    Huan, H.
    Hughes, G.
    Hui, C. M.
    Humensky, T. B.
    Imran, A.
    Kaaret, P.
    Karlsson, N.
    Kertzman, M.
    Kieda, D.
    Krawczynski, H.
    Krennrich, F.
    Lang, M. J.
    Lyutikov, M.
    Madhavan, A. S.
    [J]. SCIENCE, 2011, 334 (6052) : 69 - 72