Toward the Scale-Up of a Bicyclic Homopiperazine via Schmidt Rearrangement and Photochemical Oxaziridine Rearrangement in Continuous-Flow

被引:4
作者
Brown, Michael [1 ,2 ]
Aljarah, Mohammed [1 ,2 ]
Asiki, Hannah [2 ]
Leung, Leo M. H. [1 ,2 ]
Smithen, Deborah A. [1 ,2 ]
Miller, Natalie [2 ]
Nemeth, Gabor [2 ]
Davies, Lawrence [2 ]
Niculescu-Duvaz, Dan [1 ,2 ]
Zambon, Alfonso [2 ]
Springer, Caroline [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Manchester, Canc Res UK Manchester Inst, Drug Discovery Unit, Alderley Pk, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, Cheshire, England
[2] Canc Res UK Ctr Canc Therapeut, Inst Canc Res, London SM2 5NG, England
基金
英国惠康基金;
关键词
homopiperazine; continuous-flow; Schmidt; oxaziridine; photochemical; microreactor; REGIOSELECTIVE FUNCTIONALIZATION; BECKMANN REARRANGEMENT; ACID; KETONES; REACTOR; PREFERENCES; GENERATION; LIGHT; UV;
D O I
10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00361
中图分类号
O69 [应用化学];
学科分类号
081704 ;
摘要
The scale-up of a chiral bicyclic homopiperazine of pharmaceutical interest was investigated. The outcome and safety profile of a key batch ring-expansion step via Schmidt rearrangement was improved using continuous-flow chemistry. The selectivity of nitrogen insertion for the ring expansion was improved via an alternative photochemical oxaziridine rearrangement under mild conditions, which when converted to continuous-flow in a simple and efficient flow reactor allowed the first photochemical scale-up of a homopiperazine.
引用
收藏
页码:148 / 156
页数:9
相关论文
共 46 条
[1]   Oxaziridine rearrangements in asymmetric synthesis [J].
Aube, J .
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS, 1997, 26 (04) :269-277
[2]   SYNTHESES AND REARRANGEMENTS OF SPIROCYCLIC OXAZIRIDINES DERIVED FROM UNSYMMETRICAL KETONES [J].
AUBE, J ;
HAMMOND, M ;
GHERARDINI, E ;
TAKUSAGAWA, F .
JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 1991, 56 (02) :499-508
[3]   Debenzylation using catalytic hydrogenolysis in trifluoroethanol, and the total synthesis of (-)-raumacline [J].
Bailey, Patrick D. ;
Beard, Mark A. ;
Dang, Hoa P. T. ;
Phillips, Theresa R. ;
Price, Richard A. ;
Whittaker, James H. .
TETRAHEDRON LETTERS, 2008, 49 (13) :2150-2153
[4]  
Beckmann E., 1886, Ber, V19, P988, DOI DOI 10.1002/CBER.188601901222
[5]  
Bremner J. B., 2005, PROG HETEROCYCL CHEM, V16, P431
[6]   A Leaf-Inspired Luminescent Solar Concentrator for Energy-Efficient Continuous-Flow Photochemistry [J].
Cambie, Dario ;
Zhao, Fang ;
Hessel, Volker ;
Debije, Michael G. ;
Noel, Timothy .
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION, 2017, 56 (04) :1050-1054
[7]   Applications of Continuous-Flow Photochemistry in Organic Synthesis, Material Science, and Water Treatment [J].
Cambie, Dario ;
Bottecchia, Cecilia ;
Straathof, Natan J. W. ;
Hessel, Volker ;
Noel, Timothy .
CHEMICAL REVIEWS, 2016, 116 (17) :10276-10341
[8]   SYNTHESIS OF CAPROLACTAM AND NYLON 6 [J].
CARRAHER, CE .
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION, 1978, 55 (01) :51-52
[9]   Visible Light-Promoted Beckmann Rearrangements: Separating Sequential Photochemical and Thermal Phenomena in a Continuous Flow Reactor [J].
Chen, Yuesu ;
Cantillo, David ;
Kappe, C. Oliver .
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 2019, 2019 (11) :2163-2171
[10]   Continuous-Flow Electrophilic Amination of Arenes and Schmidt Reaction of Carboxylic Acids Utilizing the Superacidic Trimethylsilyl Azide/Triflic Acid Reagent System [J].
Chen, Yuesu ;
Gutmann, Bernhard ;
Kappe, C. Oliver .
JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 2016, 81 (19) :9372-9380