Nanotechnology - The frame of worker training, public education, and participation

Nanotechnology is a rapidly progressing field of scientific research and technology development. Nanomaterials possess unique electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties, with potential wide applications in the electronics, computer, aerospace, and other industries. They may be used in an array of manufacturing sectors, including sporting goods, cosmetics, clothing, transistors, and biomedical products. The increase in nanomaterial manufacture and application will make likely the exposure to workers, consumers, medical staff members, and the general population. Therefore, extensive toxicological research and risk assessment is needed. Relevant workplace regulation regarding exposure should also be considered in the light of our current knowledge. International documents for safety of nanotechnology and nanomaterials should be elaborated. Occupational health and medical personnel should be aware of the potential use of nanomaterials in their workplaces and the emerging information on methods to protect workers' health. The following levels of public participation are discussed: no participation, information, consultation, and empowerment. The scope of development of prevention measures for nanotechnology so far is narrow. The difficulty is that principles of safety precautious need to be developed before the solid scientific data of toxicity related to nanotechnology are established.