Assessment of the specificity of a new folate-targeted photosensitizer for peritoneal metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer to enable intraperitoneal photodynamic therapy. A preclinical study

Background: Ovarian cancer's prognosis remains dire after primary therapy. Recurrence rate is disappointingly high as 60% of women with epithelial ovarian cancer considered in remission will develop recurrent disease within 5 years. Special attention to undetected peritoneal metastasis during surgery is necessary as they are the main predictive factors of recurrences. Folate Receptor alpha (FR alpha) shows promising prospects in targeting ovarian cancerous cells and intraperitoneal photodynamic therapy (PDT) could be a solution in addition to macroscopic cytoreductive surgery to treat peritoneal micrometastasis. The aim of this preclinical study is to assess the specificity of a folate-targeted photosensitizer for ovarian peritoneal micrometastasis. Methods: We used the NuTu-19 epithelial ovarian cancer cell line to induce peritoneal carcinomatosis in female Fischer 344 rats. Three groups of 6 rats were studied (Control (no photosensitizer)/Non-conjugated photosensitizer (Porph)/Folate-conjugated photosensitizer (Porph-s-FA)). Four hours after the administration of the photosensitizer, animals were sacrificed and intraperitoneal organs tissues were sampled. FR alpha tissue expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Tissue incorporation of photosensitizers was assessed by confocal microscopy and tissue quantification. Results: FR alpha is overexpressed in tumor, ovary, and liver whereas, peritoneum, colon, small intestine, and kidney do not express it. Cytoplasmic red endocytosis vesicles observed by confocal microscopy are well correlated to FR alpha tissue expression. Photosensitizer tissue quantification shows a mean tumor-to-normal tissue ratio of 9.6. Conclusion: We demonstrated that this new generation folate-targeted photosensitizer is specific of epithelial ovarian peritoneal metastasis and may allow the development of efficient and safe intraperitoneal PDT procedure. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.