Nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis: a novel cause of euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia in newborns. Diagnosis and practical management

Hyponatremia, defined by a serum sodium concentration of less than 135 mmmol/l, is a complex clinical occurrence frequently manifested in newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. The pathogenetic mechanisms and clinical timing underlying the onset of hyponatremia have not been well established in the newborn. Aim of this review is to present a practical approach and management of hypotonic hyponatremia in newborns, with particular emphasys on nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis, recently described by us for the first time in the literature in a newborn.