Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha regulates the expression of the immune response mediators in the porcine endometrium during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy

Problem Cytokines are immune response mediators that play an important role in the regulation of reproductive functions. An association between cytokines and peroxisome proliferator receptors (PPARs) has been reported in various tissues, including the endometrium. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of PPAR alpha ligands on the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) and cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1 beta, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and LIF) in the porcine endometrium in different reproductive stages. Methods of study Endometrial slices were collected from gilts on days 10-12 or 14-16 of the estrous cycle and pregnancy. Endometrial tissue explants were incubated in vitro in the presence or absence of PPAR alpha agonist WY-14643 and antagonist MK886. Expression of mRNA and protein for NF-& x138;B and selected cytokines was evaluated by real-time PCR and immunoblot. Results PPAR alpha agonist WY-14643 decreased the mRNA expression of NF-kappa B in most of the analyzed stages (excluding days 10-12 of the estrous cycle), but increased the expression of NF-kappa B protein (excluding days 14-16 of pregnancy). The WY-14643 increased expression of IL-1 beta and IL-6 proteins, and the mRNA expression of IL-8 and LIF, decreased IL-4 expression, and did not affect the mRNA and protein expression of IL-10. Conclusion The obtained results demonstrate that PPAR alpha is involved in the regulation of NF-kappa B and cytokine expression in the porcine endometrium. PPAR alpha ligands exert a varied influence on immune system components, which could be attributed to differences in the receptivity of porcine endometrial tissue during the reproductive cycle.