Antifungal activity of [K3]temporin-SHa against medically relevant yeasts and moulds

Few antifungal agents are currently available for the treatment of fungal infections. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are natural molecules involved in the innate immune response of many organisms, represent a promising research method because of their broad killing activity. The aim of this study was to assess the activity of a frog AMP, [K-3]temporin-SHa, against some species of yeasts and moulds, and to further explore its activity against Candida albicans. MIC determinations were performed according to EUCAST guidelines. Next, the activity of [K-3]temporin-SHa against C. albicans was explored using time-killing curve experiments, membrane permeabilization assays, and electron microscopy. Finally, chequerboard assays were performed to evaluate the synergy between [K-3]temporin-SHa and amphotericin B or fluconazole. [K-3]temporin-SHa was found to be active in vitro against several yeasts with MIC between 55 and 45 mu M. [K-3]temporin-SHa displayed rapid fungicidal activity against C. albicans (inoculum was divided into two in less than an hour and no viable colonies were recovered after 5 h) with a mechanism that could be due to membrane permeabilization. [K-3]temporin-SHa was synergistic with amphotericin B against C. albicans (FICI = 0.303). [K-3]temporin-SHa could represent an additional tool to treat several Candida species and C. neoformans.