Human health risk assessment of carbamazepine in surface waters of North America and Europe

被引：76

作者：

Cunningham, Virginia L. ^{[1
]}

Perino, Christopher ^{[2
]}

D'Aco, Vincent J. ^{[3
]}

Hartmann, Andreas ^{[4
]}

Bechter, Rudolf ^{[4
]}

机构：

[1] Sustainabil Sci LLC, Hatboro, PA 19040 USA

[2] Novartis Pharmaceut, E Hanover, NJ 07936 USA

[3] Quantum Management Grp Inc, Clifton, NJ 07011 USA

[4] Novartis Pharma NG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland

来源：

REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY | 2010年 / 56卷 / 03期

关键词：

Carbamazepine; Risk assessment; Human health; PhATE; GREAT-ER; Pharmaceutical; PHARMACEUTICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS; WASTE-WATER; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; TREATMENT PLANTS; REMOVAL; DRUGS; PERSISTENCE; OZONATION; CONTAMINANTS;

D O I：

10.1016/j.yrtph.2009.10.006

中图分类号：

DF [法律]; D9 [法律]; R [医药、卫生];

学科分类号：

0301 ; 10 ;

摘要：

A human health risk assessment was carried out for environmental exposures to carbamazepine (CBZ) and its major human metabolites, carbamazepine diol (CBZ-DiOH) and carbamazepine N-glucuronide (CBZ-N-Glu) Carbamazepine is an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) used worldwide as a medicine for treating epileptic seizures and trigeminal neuralgia Carbamazepine tends to be detected in surface water more frequently, and at relatively higher concentrations, than most other APIs Predicted no effect levels (PNECs) for CBZ and its major human metabolites were developed for surf ice waters to be protective of human health from environmental exposures from drinking water and fish Consumption These PNECs were compared to both measured (MEC) and predicted (PEC) environmental concentrations for North America and Europe PECs were calculated using the geo-referenced models PhATE (TM) for North America and GREAT-ER for Europe The combined PNEC for drinking water and fish consumption for CBZ is 226,000 ng/L. Ninetieth percentile MECs ranged from 150 to 220 ng/L. while 90th percentile PECs ranged from 333 to 658 ng/L. Calculated margins of safety (MOS) therefore range from 340 to 1500. MOS for the major metabolites are significantly higher This assessment indicates that CBZ and its major metabolites have high MOS (>> 1) and thus should have no appreciable risk to human health through environmental exposures based oil available human data (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved.

引用

页码：343 / 351

页数：9

共 71 条

[1]

*ACD LABS, ACD ADV CHEM DEV VER

[2] Determination of drug residues in water by the combination of liquid chromatography or capillary electrophoresis with electrospray mass spectrometry [J].