Structure and function of cationic amino acid transporters (CATs)

被引:203
作者
Closs, E. I. [1 ]
Boissel, J.-P. [1 ]
Habermeier, A. [1 ]
Rotmann, A. [1 ]
机构
[1] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Dept Pharmacol, D-55101 Mainz, Germany
关键词
amino acid starvation; amino acid responsive element; cationic amino acid transporter; IRES; micro RNA; nitric oxide; paraspeckles; SLC7; system y(+);
D O I
10.1007/s00232-006-0875-7
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
The CAT proteins (CAT for cationic amino acid transporter) are amongst the first mammalian amino acid transporters identified on the molecular level and seem to be the major entry path for cationic amino acids in most cells. However, CAT proteins mediate also efflux of their substrates and thus may also deplete cells from cationic amino acids under certain circumstances. The CAT proteins form a subfamily of the solute carrier family 7 (SLC7) that consists of four confirmed transport proteins for cationic amino acids: CAT-1 (SLC7A1), CAT-2A (SLC7A2A), CAT-2B (SLC7A2B), and CAT-3 (SLC7A3). SLC7A4 and SLC7A14 are two related proteins with yet unknown function. One focus of this review lies on structural and functional differences between the different CAT isoforms. The expression of the CAT proteins is highly regulated on the level of transcription, mRNA stability, translation and subcellular localization. Recent advances toward a better understanding of these mechanisms provide a second focus of this review.
引用
收藏
页码:67 / 77
页数:11
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