Occurrences and behavior of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in several wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Japan and Thailand

被引：55

作者：

Shivakoti, Binaya Raj ^{[1
]}

Tanaka, Shuhei ^{[1
]}

Fujii, Shigeo ^{[1
]}

Kunacheva, Chinagarn ^{[1
]}

Boontanon, Suwanna Kitpati ^{[2
]}

Musirat, Chanatip ^{[2
]}

Seneviratne, S. T. M. L. D. ^{[3
]}

Tanaka, Hiroaki ^{[3
]}

机构：

[1] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Global Environm Studies, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan

[2] Mahidol Univ, Fac Engn, Putthamonthon 73170, Nakornpathom, Thailand

[3] Kyoto Univ, Res Ctr Environm Qual Management, Shiga 5200811, Japan

来源：

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING | 2010年 / 12卷 / 06期

关键词：

PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; SURFACTANTS; PERFLUOROCHEMICALS; SORPTION; DUST;

D O I：

10.1039/b927287a

中图分类号：

O65 [分析化学];

学科分类号：

070302 ; 081704 ;

摘要：

This study examines occurrences of 11 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in several wastewater treatment plants in Japan and Thailand. Surveys are conducted in eight wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Japan and central WWTPs of five industrial estates (IEs) in Thailand. Samples are collected from all major treatment processes in order to understand the behavior of PFCs in WWTPs. PFCs are detected in all WWTPs in Japan and Thailand. Concentrations of PFCs even exceed several thousands ng/L in some WWTPs. PFOS, PFOA, and PFNA are mainly detected in WWTPs in Japan, while PFBuS, PFOA, and PFHxA are mainly detected inWWTP of IEs in Thailand. Even though some of the investigated WWTPs utilize biological treatment processes coupled with chlorination, ozonation, or activated carbon adsorption, they are found ineffective to remove PFCs. During the treatment process, PFCs are found to accumulate at exceptionally high concentration levels in the activated sludge of an aeration tank and returned activated sludge. Overall, the estimated total daily mass of discharged PFCs is 124.95 g/d (PFASs: 49.81 g/d; PFCAs: 75.14 g/d) from eight WWTPs in Japan and 55.04 g/d (PFASs: 12 g/d; PFCAs: 43.04 g/d) from five WWTPs in Thailand. Although the presented data are from a single observation in each WWTP, the results indicate that certain industries using PFCs in manufacturing processes could be the principle point source, while domestic activities could be releasing PFCs at detectable levels causing environmental concern.

引用

页码：1255 / 1264

页数：10

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