Diversity of nuclear star cluster formation mechanisms revealed by their star formation histories

被引：43

作者：

Fahrion, K. ^{[1
]}

Lyubenova, M. ^{[1
]}

van de Ven, G. ^{[2
]}

Hilker, M. ^{[1
]}

Leaman, R. ^{[2
]}

Falcon-Barroso, J. ^{[3
,4
]}

Bittner, A. ^{[1
]}

Coccato, L. ^{[1
]}

Corsini, E. M. ^{[6
,7
]}

Gadotti, D. A. ^{[1
]}

Iodice, E. ^{[8
]}

McDermid, R. M. ^{[9
,10
,11
]}

Martin-Navarro, I. ^{[3
,4
]}

Pinna, F. ^{[5
]}

Poci, A. ^{[10
]}

Sarzi, M. ^{[12
,13
]}

de Zeeuw, P. T. ^{[15
,16
]}

Zhu, L. ^{[14
]}

机构：

[1] European Southern Observ, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[2] Univ Vienna, Dept Astrophys, Turkenschanzstr 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria

[3] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Calle Via Lactea S-N, Tenerife 38200, Spain

[4] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, Calle Astrofis Francisco Sanchez S-N, Tenerife 38206, Spain

[5] Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany

[6] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, Vicolo Osservatorio 3, I-35122 Padua, Italy

[7] INAF Osservatorio Astron Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padua, Italy

[8] INAF Astron Observ Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, I-80131 Naples, Italy

[9] Macquarie Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia

[10] Macquarie Univ, Astron Astrophys & Astrophoton Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia

[11] ARC Ctr Excellence All Sky Astrophys 3 Dimens AST, Sydney, NSW, Australia

[12] Armagh Observ & Planetarium, Coll Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, North Ireland

[13] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Coll Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England

[14] Leiden Univ, Sterrewacht Leiden, Postbus 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands

[15] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[16] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Astron Observ, 80 Nandan Rd, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China

来源：

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS | 2021年 / 650卷

基金：

澳大利亚研究理事会; 欧洲研究理事会; 中国国家自然科学基金;

关键词：

galaxies: star clusters: general; galaxies: clusters: individual: Fornax; galaxies: nuclei; EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; ACS FORNAX CLUSTER; IMPROVED DYNAMICAL CONSTRAINTS; MULTIPLE STELLAR POPULATIONS; DWARF ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; BH-SIGMA DIAGRAM; GLOBULAR-CLUSTER; VIRGO CLUSTER; GALACTIC NUCLEI;

D O I：

10.1051/0004-6361/202140644

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

Nuclear star clusters (NSCs) are the densest stellar systems in the Universe and are found in the centres of all types of galaxies. They are thought to form via mergers of star clusters such as ancient globular clusters (GCs) that spiral to the centre as a result of dynamical friction or through in situ star formation directly at the galaxy centre. There is evidence that both paths occur, but the relative contribution of either channel and their correlation with galaxy properties are not yet constrained observationally. Our aim was to derive the dominant NSC formation channel for a sample of 25 nucleated galaxies, mostly in the Fornax galaxy cluster, with stellar masses between M-gal similar to 10(8) and 10(10.5) M-circle dot and NSC masses between M-NSC similar to 10(5) and 10(8.5) M-circle dot. Using Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer data from the Fornax 3D survey and the ESO archive, we derived star formation histories, mean ages, and metallicities of NSCs, and compared them to the host galaxies. In many low-mass galaxies, the NSCs are significantly more metal poor than their hosts, with properties similar to GCs. In contrast, in the massive galaxies we find diverse star formation histories and cases of ongoing or recent in situ star formation. Massive NSCs (> 10(7) M-circle dot) occupy a different region in the mass-metallicity diagram than lower-mass NSCs and GCs, indicating a different enrichment history. We find a clear transition of the dominant NSC formation channel with both galaxy and NSC mass. We hypothesise that while GC accretion forms the NSCs of the dwarf galaxies, central star formation is responsible for the efficient mass build up in the most massive NSCs in our sample. At intermediate masses both channels can contribute. The transition between these formation channels seems to occur at galaxy masses M-gal similar to 10(9) M-circle dot and NSC masses M-NSC similar to 10(7) M-circle dot.

引用

页数：18

共 50 条

[41] Properties and Formation of Star Clusters [J].

Sharina, M. E. .

ASTROPHYSICS, 2016, 59 (01) :126-144

[42] The Impact of Nuclear Star Formation on Gas Inflow to AGN [J].

Davies, R. I. ;

Hicks, E. ;

Schartmann, M. ;

Genzel, R. ;

Tacconi, L. J. ;

Engel, H. ;

Burkert, A. ;

Krause, M. ;

Sternberg, A. ;

Mueller Sanchez, F. ;

Maciejewski, W. .

CO-EVOLUTION OF CENTRAL BLACK HOLES AND GALAXIES, 2010, (267) :283-+

[43] The frequency of nuclear star formation in Seyfert 2 galaxies [J].

Storchi-Bergmann, T ;

Raimann, D ;

Bica, ELD ;

Fraquelli, HA .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2000, 544 (02) :747-762

[44] The nuclear gas dynamics and star formation of Markarian 231 [J].

Davies, RI ;

Tacconi, LJ ;

Genzel, R .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2004, 613 (02) :781-793

[45] Searching for nuclear stellar discs in simulations of star cluster mergers [J].

Portaluri, E. ;

Corsini, E. M. ;

Morelli, L. ;

Hartmann, M. ;

Dalla Bonta, E. ;

Debattista, Victor P. ;

Pizzella, A. .

MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2013, 433 (01) :434-444

[46] Variations in the Galactic star formation rate and density thresholds for star formation [J].

Longmore, S. N. ;

Bally, J. ;

Testi, L. ;

Purcell, C. R. ;

Walsh, A. J. ;

Bressert, E. ;

Pestalozzi, M. ;

Molinari, S. ;

Ott, J. ;

Cortese, L. ;

Battersby, C. ;

Murray, N. ;

Lee, E. ;

Kruijssen, J. M. D. ;

Schisano, E. ;

Elia, D. .

MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2013, 429 (02) :987-1000

[47] Revealing the Formation of the Milky Way Nuclear Star Cluster via Chemo-dynamical Modeling [J].

Do, Tuan ;

David Martinez, Gregory ;

Kerzendorf, Wolfgang ;

Feldmeier-Krause, Anja ;

Arca Sedda, Manuel ;

Neumayer, Nadine ;

Gualandris, Alessia .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2020, 901 (02)

[48] The diverse star formation histories of early massive, quenched galaxies in modern galaxy formation simulations [J].

Lagos, Claudia del P. ;

Valentino, Francesco ;

Wright, Ruby J. ;

de Graaff, Anna ;

Glazebrook, Karl ;

De Lucia, Gabriella ;

Robotham, Aaron S. G. ;

Nanayakkara, Themiya ;

Chandro-Gomez, Angel ;

Bravo, Matias ;

Baugh, Carlton M. ;

Harborne, Katherine E. ;

Hirschmann, Michaela ;

Fontanot, Fabio ;

Xie, Lizhi ;

Chittenden, Harry .

MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2024, 536 (03) :2324-2354

[49] STAR FORMATION DURING GALAXY FORMATION [J].

Elmegreen, B. G. .

EES2010: STAR FORMATION IN THE LOCAL UNIVERSE, 2011, 51 :59-71

[50] STAR FORMATION ACTIVITY IN A YOUNG GALAXY CLUSTER AT Z=0.866 [J].

Lagana, T. F. ;

Ulmer, M. P. ;

Martins, L. P. ;

da Cunha, E. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2016, 825 (02)

← 1 2 3 4 5 →