Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Brain Health: A Systematic Review of Structural, Functional, and Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Investigations

被引:6
作者
Khalifeh, Noor [1 ]
Omary, Adam [1 ]
Cotter, Devyn L. [1 ,2 ]
Kim, Mimi S. [3 ]
Geffner, Mitchell E. [3 ]
Herting, Megan M. [1 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Populat & Publ Hlth Sci, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA
[2] Univ Southern Calif, Neurosci Grad Program, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA
[3] Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Saban Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA
[4] Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Div Children Youth & Families, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA
基金
美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词
congenital adrenal hyperplasia; adrenal insufficiency; 21-hydroxylase deficiency; magnetic resonance imaging; brain; neuroimaging; functional MRI; diffusion MRI; ACUTE ENCEPHALOPATHY; SENSATION SEEKING; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; ANDROGEN; SEX; MEMORY; ADULTS; ABNORMALITIES; HETEROGENEITY;
D O I
10.1177/08830738221100886
中图分类号
R74 [神经病学与精神病学];
学科分类号
摘要
Background Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of genetic disorders that affects the adrenal glands and is the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency in children. In the past few decades, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been implemented to investigate how the brain may be affected by CAH. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate and synthesize the reported evidence of brain findings related to CAH using structural, functional, and diffusion-weighted MRI. Methods We searched bibliographical databases through July 2021 for brain MRI studies in individuals with CAH. Results Twenty-eight studies were identified, including 13 case reports or series, 10 studies that recruited and studied CAH patients vs unaffected controls, and 5 studies without a matched control group. Eleven studies used structural MRI to identify structural abnormalities or quantify brain volumes, whereas 3 studies implemented functional MRI to investigate brain activity, and 3 reported diffusion MRI findings to assess white matter microstructure. Some commonly reported findings across studies included cortical atrophy and differences in gray matter volumes, as well as white matter hyperintensities, altered white matter microstructure, and distinct patterns of emotion and reward-related brain activity. Conclusions These findings suggest differences in brain structure and function in patients with CAH. Limitations of these studies highlight the need for CAH neuroimaging studies to incorporate larger sample sizes and follow best study design and MRI analytic practices, as well as clarify potential neurologic effects seen across the lifespan and in relation to clinical and behavioral CAH phenotypes.
引用
收藏
页码:758 / 783
页数:26
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