Epigenetic Modifications as Biomarkers of Tumor Development, Therapy Response, and Recurrence across the Cancer Care Continuum

被引：344

作者：

Thomas, Margaret L. ^{[1
]}

Marcato, Paola ^{[1
,2
]}

机构：

[1] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Pathol, Halifax, NS B3H 4G7, Canada

[2] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Halifax, NS B3H 4G7, Canada

来源：

CANCERS | 2018年 / 10卷 / 04期

基金：

加拿大健康研究院;

关键词：

epigenetics; biomarkers; cancer; liquid biopsy; LONG NONCODING RNA; MODIFICATIONS PREDICT PROGNOSIS; GENE PROMOTER HYPERMETHYLATION; GLOBAL HISTONE MODIFICATIONS; ISLAND METHYLATOR PHENOTYPE; EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; FREE CIRCULATING DNA; BREAST-CANCER; COLORECTAL-CANCER; MESSENGER-RNA;

D O I：

10.3390/cancers10040101

中图分类号：

R73 [肿瘤学];

学科分类号：

100214 ;

摘要：

Aberrant epigenetic modifications are an early event in carcinogenesis, with the epigenetic landscape continuing to change during tumor progression and metastasis-these observations suggest that specific epigenetic modifications could be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for many cancer types. DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs are all dysregulated in cancer and are detectable to various degrees in liquid biopsies such as sputum, urine, stool, and blood. Here, we will focus on the application of liquid biopsies, as opposed to tissue biopsies, because of their potential as non-invasive diagnostic tools and possible use in monitoring therapy response and progression to metastatic disease. This includes a discussion of septin-9 (SEPT9) DNA hypermethylation for detecting colorectal cancer, which is by far the most developed epigenetic biomarker assay. Despite their potential as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers, technical issues such as inconsistent methodology between studies, overall low yield of epigenetic material in samples, and the need for improved histone and non-coding RNA purification methods are limiting the use of epigenetic biomarkers. Once these technical limitations are overcome, epigenetic biomarkers could be used to monitor cancer development, disease progression, therapeutic response, and recurrence across the entire cancer care continuum.

引用

页数：21

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