Sustainable Esterification of a Soda Lignin with Phloretic Acid

被引:31
作者
Adjaoud, Antoine [1 ,2 ]
Dieden, Reiner [1 ]
Verge, Pierre [1 ]
机构
[1] Luxembourg Inst Sci & Technol, Mat Res & Technol Dept, 5 Ave Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch Sur Alzette, Luxembourg
[2] Univ Luxembourg, 2 Ave Univ, L-4365 Esch Sur Alzette, Luxembourg
关键词
lignin; sustainable; esterification; solubility;
D O I
10.3390/polym13040637
中图分类号
O63 [高分子化学(高聚物)];
学科分类号
070305 ; 080501 ; 081704 ;
摘要
In this work, a sustainable chemical process was developed through the Fischer esterification of Protobind(R) lignin, a wheat straw soda lignin, and phloretic acid, a naturally occurring phenolic acid. It aimed at increasing the reactivity of lignin by enhancing the number of unsubstituted phenolic groups via a green and solvent-free chemical pathway. The structural features of the technical and esterified lignins were characterized by complementary spectroscopic techniques, including H-1, C-13, P-31, and two-dimensional analysis. A substantial increase in p-hydroxyphenyl units was measured (+64%, corresponding to an increase of +1.3 mmol g(-1)). A full factorial design of the experiment was employed to quantify the impact of critical variables on the conversion yield. The subsequent statistical analysis suggested that the initial molar ratio between the two precursors was the factor predominating the yield of the reaction. Hansen solubility parameters of both the technical and esterified lignins were determined by solubility assays in multiple solvents, evidencing their high solubility in common organic solvents. The esterified lignin demonstrated a better thermal stability as the onset of thermal degradation shifted from 157 to 220 degrees C, concomitantly to the shift of the glass transition from 92 to 112 degrees C. In conclusion, the esterified lignin showed potential for being used as sustainable building blocks for composite and thermoset applications.
引用
收藏
页码:1 / 19
页数:19
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