Probing triaxial deformation of atomic nuclei in high-energy heavy ion collisions

被引：62

作者：

Jia, Jiangyong ^{[1
,2
]}

机构：

[1] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA

[2] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, New York, NY 11976 USA

来源：

PHYSICAL REVIEW C | 2022年 / 105卷 / 04期

关键词：

SCATTERING;

D O I：

10.1103/PhysRevC.105.044905

中图分类号：

O57 [原子核物理学、高能物理学];

学科分类号：

070202 ;

摘要：

Most atomic nuclei are deformed with a quadrupole shape described by its overall strength beta(2) and triaxiality gamma. The deformation can be accessed in high-energy heavy ion collisions by measuring the collective flow response of the produced quark-gluon plasma to the eccentricity epsilon 2 and the density gradient d(perpendicular to) in the initial state. Using an analytical estimate and a Glauber model, I show that the variances <epsilon(22)> or <(delta d(perpendicular to)/c(perpendicular to))(2)> and skewnesses <epsilon(2)(2)delta d(perpendicular to)/d(perpendicular to))> or <(delta d(perpendicular to)/d(perpendicular to))(3)> have a simple analytical form of a' + b'beta(2)(2) and a' + [b' + c' cos (3 gamma)]beta(3)(2), respectively. From these, I constructed several normalized skewnesses to isolate the y dependence from that of beta(2) and show that the correlations between a normalized skewness and a variance can constrain simultaneously beta(2) and gamma. Assuming a linear relation with elliptic flow v(2) and mean-transverse momentum [p(T)] of final-state particles, v(2) alpha epsilon(2) and delta[p(T)]/[p(T)] alpha delta d(perpendicular to)/d(perpendicular to), similar conclusions are also expected for the variances and skewnesses of v(2) and [P-T], i.e., alpha + b beta(2)(2) for < v(2)(2)> and <(delta[p(T)]/[p(T)])(2)) and a + [b + c cos(3 gamma)]beta(3)(2). for < v(2)(2)delta[p(T)]l[p(T)])> or ((delta[p(T)]/[p(T)])(3)). My findings motivate a dedicated system scan of high-energy heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC to measure triaxiality of atomic nuclei: one first determines the coefficients b and c by collisions of isobaric near prolate nuclei, cos(3 gamma) approximate to 1, and near oblate nuclei, cos(3 gamma) approximate to -1, with known beta(2) values, followed by collisions of other species of interest with similar mass number. The (beta(2, )gamma) values for this species can be inferred directly from the measured variance and skewness observables from these collisions. The results demonstrate the unique opportunities offered by high-energy collisions as a tool to perform interdisciplinary nuclear physics studies.

引用

页数：28

共 67 条

[1]

Aaboud M, 2020, J HIGH ENERGY PHYS, DOI 10.1007/JHEP01(2020)051

[2] Measurement of the azimuthal anisotropy of charged-particle production in Xe plus Xe collisions at √SNN=5.44 TeV with the ATLAS detector [J].

Aad, G. ;

Abbott, B. ;

Abbott, D. C. ;

Abud, A. Abed ;

Abeling, K. ;

Abhayasinghe, D. K. ;

Abidi, S. H. ;

AbouZeid, O. S. ;

Abraham, N. L. ;

Abramowicz, H. ;

Abreu, H. ;

Abulaiti, Y. ;

Acharya, B. S. ;

Achkar, B. ;

Adachi, S. ;

Adam, L. ;

Bourdarios, C. Adam ;

Adamczyk, L. ;

Adamek, L. ;

Adelman, J. ;

Adersberger, M. ;

Adiguzel, A. ;

Adorni, S. ;

Adye, T. ;

Affolder, A. A. ;

Afik, Y. ;

Agapopoulou, C. ;

Agaras, M. N. ;

Aggarwal, A. ;

Agheorghiesei, C. ;

Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A. ;

Ahmadov, F. ;

Ahmed, W. S. ;

Ai, X. ;

Aielli, G. ;

Akatsuka, S. ;

Akesson, T. P. A. ;

Akilli, E. ;

Akimov, A., V ;

Al Khoury, K. ;

Alberghi, G. L. ;

Albert, J. ;

Verzini, M. J. Alconada ;

Alderweireldt, S. ;

Aleksa, M. ;

Aleksandrov, I. N. ;

Alexa, C. ;

Alexopoulos, T. ;

Alfonsi, A. ;

Alfonsi, F. .

PHYSICAL REVIEW C, 2020, 101 (02)

[3] Search for the chiral magnetic effect with isobar collisions at √sNN=200 GeV by the STAR Collaboration at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider [J].

Abdallah, M. S. ;

Aboona, B. E. ;

Adam, J. ;

Adamczyk, L. ;

Adams, J. R. ;

Adkins, J. K. ;

Agakishiev, G. ;

Aggarwal, I. ;

Aggarwal, M. M. ;

Ahammed, Z. ;

Alekseev, I. ;

Anderson, D. M. ;

Aparin, A. ;

Aschenauer, E. C. ;

Ashraf, M. U. ;

Atetalla, F. G. ;

Attri, A. ;

Averichev, G. S. ;

Bairathi, V. ;

Baker, W. ;

Cap, J. G. Ball ;

Barish, K. ;

Behera, A. ;

Bellwied, R. ;

Bhagat, P. ;

Bhasin, A. ;

Bielcik, J. ;

Bielcikova, J. ;

Bordyuzhin, I. G. ;

Brandenburg, J. D. ;

V. Brandin, A. ;

Bunzarov, I. ;

Cai, X. Z. ;

Caines, H. ;

Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca ;

Cebra, D. ;

Chakaberia, I. ;

Chaloupka, P. ;

Chan, B. K. ;

Chang, F-H. ;

Chang, Z. ;

Chankova-Bunzarova, N. ;

Chatterjee, A. ;

Chattopadhyay, S. ;

Chen, D. ;

Chen, J. ;

Chen, J. H. ;

Chen, X. ;

Chen, Z. ;

Cheng, J. .

PHYSICAL REVIEW C, 2022, 105 (01)

[4] Centrality and pseudorapidity dependence of the charged-particle multiplicity density in Xe-Xe collisions at √sNN=5.44 TeV [J].

Acharya, S. ;

Torales-Acosta, F. ;

Adamova, D. ;

Adolfsson, J. ;

Aggarwal, M. M. ;

Rinella, G. Aglieri ;

Agnello, M. ;

Agrawal, N. ;

Ahammed, Z. ;

Ahn, S. U. ;

Aiola, S. ;

Akindinov, A. ;

Al-Turany, M. ;

Alam, S. N. ;

Albuquerque, D. S. D. ;

Aleksandrov, D. ;

Alessandro, B. ;

Alfaro Molina, R. ;

Ali, Y. ;

Alici, A. ;

Alkin, A. ;

Alme, J. ;

Alt, T. ;

Altenkamper, L. ;

Altsybeev, I ;

Andrei, C. ;

Andreou, D. ;

Andrews, H. A. ;

Andronic, A. ;

Angeletti, M. ;

Anguelov, V ;

Anson, C. ;

Anticic, T. ;

Antinori, F. ;

Antonioli, P. ;

Anwar, R. ;

Apadula, N. ;

Aphecetche, L. ;

Appelshaeuser, H. ;

Arcelli, S. ;

Arnaldi, R. ;

Arnold, O. W. ;

Arsene, I. C. ;

Arslandok, M. ;

Audurier, B. ;

Augustinus, A. ;

Averbeck, R. ;

Azmi, M. D. ;

Badala, A. ;

Baek, Y. W. .

PHYSICS LETTERS B, 2019, 790 :35-48

[5] Anisotropic flow in Xe-Xe collisions at √sNN=5.44 TeV [J].

Acharya, S. ;

Acosta, F. T. ;

Adamova, D. ;

Adolfsson, J. ;

Aggarwal, M. M. ;

Rinella, G. Aglieri ;

Agnello, M. ;

Agrawal, N. ;

Ahammed, Z. ;

Ahn, S. U. ;

Aiola, S. ;

Akindinov, A. ;

Al-Turany, M. ;

Alam, S. N. ;

Albuquerque, D. S. D. ;

Aleksandrov, D. ;

Alessandro, B. ;

Molina, R. Alfaro ;

Ali, Y. ;

Alici, A. ;

Alkin, A. ;

Alme, J. ;

Alt, T. ;

Altenkamper, L. ;

Altsybeev, I. ;

Anaam, M. N. ;

Andrei, C. ;

Andreou, D. ;

Andrews, H. A. ;

Andronic, A. ;

Angeletti, M. ;

Anguelov, V. ;

Anson, C. ;

Anticic, T. ;

Antinori, F. ;

Antonioli, R. ;

Anwar, R. ;

Apadula, N. ;

Aphecetche, L. ;

Appelshauser, H. ;

Arcelli, S. ;

Arnaldi, R. ;

Arnold, O. W. ;

Arsene, I. C. ;

Arslandok, M. ;

Audurier, B. ;

Augustinus, A. ;

Averbeck, R. ;

Azmi, M. D. ;

Badala, A. .

PHYSICS LETTERS B, 2018, 784 :82-95

[6] Collision-energy dependence of pt correlations in Au plus Au collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider [J].

Adam, J. ;

Adamczyk, L. ;

Adams, J. R. ;

Adkins, J. K. ;

Agakishiev, G. ;

Aggarwal, M. M. ;

Ahammed, Z. ;

Alekseev, I ;

Anderson, D. M. ;

Aoyama, R. ;

Aparin, A. ;

Arkhipkin, D. ;

Aschenauer, E. C. ;

Ashraf, M. U. ;

Atetalla, F. ;

Attri, A. ;

Averichev, G. S. ;

Bairathi, V ;

Barish, K. ;

Bassill, A. J. ;

Behera, A. ;

Bellwied, R. ;

Bhasin, A. ;

Bhati, A. K. ;

Bielcik, J. ;

Bielcikova, J. ;

Bland, L. C. ;

Bordyuzhin, I. G. ;

Brandenburg, J. D. ;

Brandin, A., V ;

Brown, D. ;

Bryslawskyj, J. ;

Bunzarov, I ;

Butterworth, J. ;

Caines, H. ;

Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca ;

Cebra, D. ;

Chakaberia, I ;

Chaloupka, P. ;

Chan, B. K. ;

Chang, F-H ;

Chang, Z. ;

Chankova-Bunzarova, N. ;

Chatterjee, A. ;

Chattopadhyay, S. ;

Chen, J. H. ;

Chen, X. ;

Cheng, J. ;

Cherney, M. ;

Christie, W. .

PHYSICAL REVIEW C, 2019, 99 (04)

[7] Azimuthal Anisotropy in U plus U and Au plus Au Collisions at RHIC [J].

Adamczyk, L. ;

Adkins, J. K. ;

Agakishiev, G. ;

Aggarwal, M. M. ;

Ahammed, Z. ;

Alekseev, I. ;

Alford, J. ;

Aparin, A. ;

Arkhipkin, D. ;

Aschenauer, E. C. ;

Averichev, G. S. ;

Banerjee, A. ;

Bellwied, R. ;

Bhasin, A. ;

Bhati, A. K. ;

Bhattarai, P. ;

Bielcik, J. ;

Bielcikova, J. ;

Bland, L. C. ;

Bordyuzhin, I. G. ;

Bouchet, J. ;

Brandin, A. V. ;

Bunzarov, I. ;

Burton, T. P. ;

Butterworth, J. ;

Caines, H. ;

Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca ;

Campbell, J. M. ;

Cebra, D. ;

Cervantes, M. C. ;

Chakaberia, I. ;

Chaloupka, P. ;

Chang, Z. ;

Chattopadhyay, S. ;

Chen, J. H. ;

Chen, X. ;

Cheng, J. ;

Cherney, M. ;

Christie, W. ;

Contin, G. ;

Crawford, H. J. ;

Das, S. ;

De Silva, L. C. ;

Debbe, R. R. ;

Dedovich, T. G. ;

Deng, J. ;

Derevschikov, A. A. ;

di Ruzza, B. ;

Didenko, L. ;

Dilks, C. .

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 2015, 115 (22)

[8] Transverse-energy distributions at midrapidity in p plus p, d plus Au, and Au plus Au collisions at √sNN=62.4-200 GeV and implications for particle-production models [J].

Adler, S. S. ;

Afanasiev, S. ;

Aidala, C. ;

Ajitanand, N. N. ;

Akiba, Y. ;

Al-Jamel, A. ;

Alexander, J. ;

Aoki, K. ;

Aphecetche, L. ;

Armendariz, R. ;

Aronson, S. H. ;

Averbeck, R. ;

Awes, T. C. ;

Azmoun, B. ;

Babintsev, V. ;

Baldisseri, A. ;

Barish, K. N. ;

Barnes, P. D. ;

Bassalleck, B. ;

Bathe, S. ;

Batsouli, S. ;

Baublis, V. ;

Bauer, F. ;

Bazilevsky, A. ;

Belikov, S. ;

Bennett, R. ;

Berdnikov, Y. ;

Bjorndal, M. T. ;

Boissevain, J. G. ;

Borel, H. ;

Boyle, K. ;

Brooks, M. L. ;

Brown, D. S. ;

Bruner, N. ;

Bucher, D. ;

Buesching, H. ;

Bumazhnov, V. ;

Bunce, G. ;

Burward-Hoy, J. M. ;

Butsyk, S. ;

Camard, X. ;

Campbell, S. ;

Chai, J. -S. ;

Chand, P. ;

Chang, W. C. ;

Chernichenko, S. ;

Chi, C. Y. ;

Chiba, J. ;

Chiu, M. ;

Choi, I. J. .

PHYSICAL REVIEW C, 2014, 89 (04)

[9] Nuclear Deformation at Finite Temperature [J].

Alhassid, Y. ;

Gilbreth, C. N. ;

Bertsch, G. F. .

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 2014, 113 (26)

[10]

ATLAS Collaboration, 2021, MEAS FLOW TRANSV MOM

← 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 →