Smart centralized energy management system for autonomous microgrid using FPGA

Smart energy management system (SEMS) has become an effective energy-saving tool. In this paper, an efficient energy management system is used for a hybrid system consists of PV, Fuel Cells (FCs), and wind energy systems. The hybrid system is accompanied by a battery energy storage system to act as a backup source in case that the loads exceed the power produced from the three sources. The SEMS is implemented on Altera Cyclone IV EP4CE6 field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) board using QUARTUS II software and LABVIEW. FPGAs are highly flexible and reprogrammable logic devices. Analog to digital converter (ADC) is used to interface the current and voltage of the three sources with FPGA. As a result of the weather fluctuations, the voltage of the three sources is not stable. Therefore, the voltage of the three sources is adjusted using the Buck-Boost converter technology, which is set at 24 V until the merging process takes place. The results prove the high efficiency of the FPGA and its high response to the load changes.