Comparative intrauterine development and placental function of ART concepti: implications for human reproductive medicine and animal breeding

被引:78
作者
Bloise, Enrrico [1 ]
Feuer, Sky K. [2 ]
Rinaudo, Paolo F. [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophys Inst, Lab Mol Endocrinol, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
[2] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
关键词
assisted reproductive technology; IVF; Developmental Origins of Health and Disease; fetal and placental growth; IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; INNER CELL MASS; MICROVILLOUS MEMBRANE-VESICLES; AMINO-ACID TRANSPORTER; CLEAVAGE-STAGE EMBRYOS; GENE-EXPRESSION; EARLY-PREGNANCY; MOUSE EMBRYOS; FETAL-GROWTH; SINGLETON PREGNANCIES;
D O I
10.1093/humupd/dmu032
中图分类号
R71 [妇产科学];
学科分类号
100211 ;
摘要
The number of children conceived using assisted reproductive technologies (ART) has reached > 5 million worldwide and continues to increase. Although the great majority of ART children are healthy, many reports suggest a forthcoming risk of metabolic complications, which is further supported by the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis of suboptimal embryo/fetal conditions predisposing adult cardiometabolic pathologies. Accumulating evidence suggests that fetal and placental growth kinetics are important features predicting post-natal health, but the relationship between ART and intrauterine growth has not been systematically reviewed. Relevant studies describing fetoplacental intrauterine phenotypes of concepti generated by in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in the mouse, bovine and human were comprehensively researched using PubMed and Google Scholar. Intrauterine growth plots were created from tabular formatted data available in selected reports. ART pregnancies display minor but noticeable alterations in fetal and placental growth curves across mammalian species. In all species, there is evidence of fetal growth restriction in the earlier stages of pregnancy, followed by significant increases in placental size and accelerated fetal growth toward the end of gestation. However, there is a species-specific effect of ART on birthweights, that additionally vary in a culture condition-, strain-, and/or stage at transfer-specific manner. We discuss the potential mechanisms that underlie these changes, and how they are affected by specific components of ART procedures. ART may promote measurable alterations to intrauterine growth trajectory and placental function. Key findings include evidence that birthweight is not a reliable marker of fetal stress, and that increases in embryo manipulation result in more deviant fetal growth curves. Because growth kinetics in early life are particularly relevant to adult metabolic physiology, we advise more rigorous assessment of fetal growth and placental function in human ART pregnancies, as well as continued follow-up of ART offspring throughout post-natal life. Finally, strategies to minimize embryo manipulations should be adopted whenever possible.
引用
收藏
页码:822 / 839
页数:18
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