Gauge Dependence of Gravitational Waves Generated from Scalar Perturbations

被引:77
作者
Hwang, Jai-chan [1 ]
Jeong, Donghui [2 ,3 ]
Noh, Hyerim [4 ]
机构
[1] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Astron & Atmospher Sci, Taegu, South Korea
[2] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA
[3] Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, University Pk, PA 16802 USA
[4] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Daejon, South Korea
基金
新加坡国家研究基金会; 美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
cosmology: theory; gravitational waves; large-scale structure of universe; COSMOLOGICAL PERTURBATIONS; ANISOTROPY;
D O I
10.3847/1538-4357/aa74be
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
A tensor-type cosmological perturbation, defined as a transverse and traceless spatial fluctuation, is often interpreted as gravitational waves. While decoupled from the scalar-type perturbations in linear order, the tensor perturbations can be sourced from the scalar-type in nonlinear order. The tensor perturbations generated by the quadratic combination of a linear scalar-type cosmological perturbation are widely studied in the literature, but all previous studies are based on a. zero-shear gauge without proper justification. Here, we show that,. being second order in perturbation, such an induced tensor perturbation is generically gauge dependent. In particular, the gravitational wave power spectrum depends on the hypersurface (temporal gauge) condition taken for the linear scalar perturbation. We further show that, during the matter-dominated era, the induced tensor modes dominate over the linearly evolved primordial gravitational wave. amplitude for k greater than or similar to 10(-2) [h/Mpc] even for the gauge that gives the. lowest induced tensor modes with the optimistic choice of primordial gravitational waves (r = 0.1). The induced tensor modes, therefore, must be modeled correctly specific to the observational strategy for the measurement of primordial gravitational waves from large-scale structure via, for example, the. parity-odd mode of weak gravitational lensing, or clustering fossils.
引用
收藏
页数:9
相关论文
共 50 条
[1]   A GENERAL, GAUGE-INVARIANT ANALYSIS OF THE COSMIC MICROWAVE ANISOTROPY [J].
ABBOTT, LF ;
SCHAEFER, RK .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 1986, 308 (02) :546-562
[2]   ANISOTROPY OF THE MICROWAVE BACKGROUND IN THE INFLATIONARY COSMOLOGY [J].
ABBOTT, LF ;
WISE, MB .
PHYSICS LETTERS B, 1984, 135 (04) :279-282
[3]  
Adam R., 2015, ASTRON ASTROPHYS, V594, pA1
[4]  
Alabidi L., 2013, JCAP, V1305
[5]   Cosmological gravitational wave background from primordial density perturbations [J].
Ananda, Kishore N. ;
Clarkson, Chris ;
Wands, David .
PHYSICAL REVIEW D, 2007, 75 (12)
[6]  
[Anonymous], 1973, Cargse Lect. Phys
[7]   Cosmological matching conditions for gravitational waves at second order [J].
Arroja, Frederico ;
Assadullahi, Hooshyar ;
Koyama, Kazuya ;
Wands, David .
PHYSICAL REVIEW D, 2009, 80 (12)
[8]   Constraints on primordial density perturbations from induced gravitational waves [J].
Assadullahi, Hooshyar ;
Wands, David .
PHYSICAL REVIEW D, 2010, 81 (02)
[9]   Gravitational waves from an early matter era [J].
Assadullahi, Hooshyar ;
Wands, David .
PHYSICAL REVIEW D, 2009, 79 (08)
[10]  
Bardeen J. M., 1988, PARTICLE PHYS COSMOL, P1