Solutions and Green's function of the first order linear equation with reflection and initial conditions

This work is devoted to the study of the existence and sign of Green's functions for first order linear problems with constant coefficients and initial (one point) conditions. We first prove a result on the existence of solutions of nth order linear equations with involutions via some auxiliary functions to later prove a uniqueness result in the first order case. We study then different situations for which a Green's function can be obtained explicitly and derive several results in order to obtain information as regards the sign of the Green's function. Once the sign is known, optimal maximum and anti-maximum principles follow.