共 33 条
Facile mass production of nanoporous SnO2 nanosheets as anode materials for high performance lithium-ion batteries
被引:39
作者:

Wei, Wenli
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Lanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China

Du, Pengcheng
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Lanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China

Liu, Dong
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Lanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China

Wang, Hongxing
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Lanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China

Liu, Peng
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Lanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China Lanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
机构:
[1] Lanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
关键词:
Lithium-ion batteries;
Nanoporous SnO2 nanosheets;
Mass production;
Ultrasonic-assisted chemical precipitation;
Soft template;
SNO2-BASED NANOMATERIALS SYNTHESIS;
ELECTRODE MATERIALS;
TIN OXIDE;
GROWTH;
D O I:
10.1016/j.jcis.2017.05.017
中图分类号:
O64 [物理化学(理论化学)、化学物理学];
学科分类号:
070304 ;
081704 ;
摘要:
Facile one-step ultrasonic-assisted chemical precipitation strategy has been developed for the mass production of SnO2 nanomaterials with different morphologies. As anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the nanoporous SnO2 nanosheets exhibited an extremely high initial specific capacity of 2231 mAh/g in comparison with 1242 mAh/g of the SnO2 microcrystals and 1244 mAh/g of the nanoporous SnO2 nanoflowers. Meanwhile the nanoporous SnO2 nanosheet electrode displayed a specific capacity of 688 mAh/g after 60 cycles at 0.2 A/g current density and an extraordinary capacity retention of 224 mAh/g at a current density of 8 A/g (approximately 10 C) owing to a huge increase of if diffusion coefficient. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:205 / 213
页数:9
相关论文
共 33 条
[1]
A novel and green process for the production of tin oxide quantum dots and its application as a photocatalyst for the degradation of dyes from aqueous phase
[J].
Bhattacharjee, Archita
;
Ahmaruzzaman, M.
.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE,
2015, 448
:130-139

Bhattacharjee, Archita
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Natl Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Silchar 788010, Assam, India Natl Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Silchar 788010, Assam, India

论文数: 引用数:
h-index:
机构:
[2]
Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers
[J].
Brunauer, S
;
Emmett, PH
;
Teller, E
.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY,
1938, 60
:309-319

Brunauer, S
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
George Washington Univ, Bur Chem & Soils, Washington, DC USA George Washington Univ, Bur Chem & Soils, Washington, DC USA

Emmett, PH
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
George Washington Univ, Bur Chem & Soils, Washington, DC USA George Washington Univ, Bur Chem & Soils, Washington, DC USA

Teller, E
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
George Washington Univ, Bur Chem & Soils, Washington, DC USA George Washington Univ, Bur Chem & Soils, Washington, DC USA
[3]
SnO2-Based Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Application in Lithium-Ion Batteries
[J].
Chen, Jun Song
;
Lou, Xiong Wen
.
SMALL,
2013, 9 (11)
:1877-1893

Chen, Jun Song
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Chem & Biomed Engn, Singapore 637459, Singapore
Nanyang Technol Univ, Energy Res Inst NTU, Singapore 637553, Singapore Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Chem & Biomed Engn, Singapore 637459, Singapore

Lou, Xiong Wen
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Chem & Biomed Engn, Singapore 637459, Singapore
Nanyang Technol Univ, Energy Res Inst NTU, Singapore 637553, Singapore Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Chem & Biomed Engn, Singapore 637459, Singapore
[4]
The developments of SnO2/graphene nanocomposites as anode materials for high performance lithium ion batteries: A review
[J].
Deng, Yuanfu
;
Fang, Chengcheng
;
Chen, Guohua
.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES,
2016, 304
:81-101

Deng, Yuanfu
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
S China Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Key Lab Fuel Cell Technol Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, Peoples R China
Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Res Inst, Ctr Green Prod & Proc Technol, Guangzhou 511458, Guangdong, Peoples R China S China Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Key Lab Fuel Cell Technol Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, Peoples R China

Fang, Chengcheng
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Fok Ying Tung Grad Sch, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China S China Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Key Lab Fuel Cell Technol Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, Peoples R China

Chen, Guohua
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Res Inst, Ctr Green Prod & Proc Technol, Guangzhou 511458, Guangdong, Peoples R China
Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Fok Ying Tung Grad Sch, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China S China Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Key Lab Fuel Cell Technol Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, Peoples R China
[5]
The Li-Ion Rechargeable Battery: A Perspective
[J].
Goodenough, John B.
;
Park, Kyu-Sung
.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY,
2013, 135 (04)
:1167-1176

Goodenough, John B.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Texas Austin, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA Univ Texas Austin, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA

Park, Kyu-Sung
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Texas Austin, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA
[6]
Cubic KTi2(PO4)3 as electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries
[J].
Han, Jin
;
Xu, Maowen
;
Niu, Yubin
;
Jia, Min
;
Liu, Ting
;
Li, Chang Ming
.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE,
2016, 483
:67-72

Han, Jin
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Southwest Univ, Inst Clean Energy & Adv Mat, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China

Xu, Maowen
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Southwest Univ, Inst Clean Energy & Adv Mat, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China Southwest Univ, Inst Clean Energy & Adv Mat, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China

Niu, Yubin
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Southwest Univ, Inst Clean Energy & Adv Mat, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China

Jia, Min
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Southwest Univ, Inst Clean Energy & Adv Mat, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China

Liu, Ting
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Southwest Univ, Inst Clean Energy & Adv Mat, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China

Li, Chang Ming
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Southwest Univ, Inst Clean Energy & Adv Mat, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China
[7]
Controlled synthesis of mesoporous hollow SnO2 nanococoons with enhanced lithium storage capability
[J].
Li, Lu
;
Guan, Bo
;
Zhang, Lingyu
;
Su, Zhongmin
;
Xie, Haiming
;
Wang, Chungang
.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A,
2015, 3 (44)
:22021-22025

Li, Lu
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NE Normal Univ, Fac Chem, Changchun 130024, Peoples R China NE Normal Univ, Fac Chem, Changchun 130024, Peoples R China

Guan, Bo
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NE Normal Univ, Fac Chem, Changchun 130024, Peoples R China NE Normal Univ, Fac Chem, Changchun 130024, Peoples R China

Zhang, Lingyu
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NE Normal Univ, Fac Chem, Changchun 130024, Peoples R China NE Normal Univ, Fac Chem, Changchun 130024, Peoples R China

Su, Zhongmin
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NE Normal Univ, Fac Chem, Changchun 130024, Peoples R China NE Normal Univ, Fac Chem, Changchun 130024, Peoples R China

Xie, Haiming
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NE Normal Univ, Fac Chem, Changchun 130024, Peoples R China NE Normal Univ, Fac Chem, Changchun 130024, Peoples R China

Wang, Chungang
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NE Normal Univ, Fac Chem, Changchun 130024, Peoples R China NE Normal Univ, Fac Chem, Changchun 130024, Peoples R China
[8]
Tin Oxide with Controlled Morphology and Crystallinity by Atomic Layer Deposition onto Graphene Nanosheets for Enhanced Lithium Storage
[J].
Li, Xifei
;
Meng, Xiangbo
;
Liu, Jian
;
Geng, Dongsheng
;
Zhang, Yong
;
Banis, Mohammad Norouzi
;
Li, Yongliang
;
Yang, Jinli
;
Li, Ruying
;
Sun, Xueliang
;
Cai, Mei
;
Verbrugge, Mark W.
.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS,
2012, 22 (08)
:1647-1654

Li, Xifei
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Western Ontario, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Nanomat & Energy Lab, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada Univ Western Ontario, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Nanomat & Energy Lab, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada

Meng, Xiangbo
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Western Ontario, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Nanomat & Energy Lab, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada Univ Western Ontario, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Nanomat & Energy Lab, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada

Liu, Jian
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Western Ontario, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Nanomat & Energy Lab, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada Univ Western Ontario, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Nanomat & Energy Lab, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada

Geng, Dongsheng
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Western Ontario, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Nanomat & Energy Lab, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada Univ Western Ontario, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Nanomat & Energy Lab, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada

Zhang, Yong
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Western Ontario, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Nanomat & Energy Lab, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada Univ Western Ontario, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Nanomat & Energy Lab, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada

Banis, Mohammad Norouzi
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Western Ontario, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Nanomat & Energy Lab, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada Univ Western Ontario, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Nanomat & Energy Lab, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada

Li, Yongliang
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Western Ontario, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Nanomat & Energy Lab, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada Univ Western Ontario, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Nanomat & Energy Lab, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada

Yang, Jinli
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Western Ontario, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Nanomat & Energy Lab, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada Univ Western Ontario, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Nanomat & Energy Lab, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada

Li, Ruying
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Western Ontario, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Nanomat & Energy Lab, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada Univ Western Ontario, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Nanomat & Energy Lab, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada

Sun, Xueliang
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Western Ontario, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Nanomat & Energy Lab, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada Univ Western Ontario, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Nanomat & Energy Lab, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada

Cai, Mei
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Gen Motors R&D Ctr, Warren, MI 48090 USA Univ Western Ontario, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Nanomat & Energy Lab, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada

Verbrugge, Mark W.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Gen Motors R&D Ctr, Warren, MI 48090 USA Univ Western Ontario, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Nanomat & Energy Lab, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
[9]
Tin-based anode materials with well-designed architectures for next-generation lithium-ion batteries
[J].
Liu, Lehao
;
Xie, Fan
;
Lyu, Jing
;
Zhao, Tingkai
;
Li, Tiehu
;
Choi, Bong Gill
.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES,
2016, 321
:11-35

Liu, Lehao
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Northwestern Polytech Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Xian 710072, Peoples R China
Univ Michigan, Dept Chem Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA Northwestern Polytech Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Xian 710072, Peoples R China

Xie, Fan
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Michigan, Dept Chem Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
Northwestern Polytech Univ, Sch Sci, Xian 710072, Peoples R China Northwestern Polytech Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Xian 710072, Peoples R China

Lyu, Jing
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Northwestern Polytech Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Xian 710072, Peoples R China
Univ Michigan, Dept Chem Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA Northwestern Polytech Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Xian 710072, Peoples R China

Zhao, Tingkai
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Northwestern Polytech Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Xian 710072, Peoples R China Northwestern Polytech Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Xian 710072, Peoples R China

Li, Tiehu
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Northwestern Polytech Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Xian 710072, Peoples R China Northwestern Polytech Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Xian 710072, Peoples R China

论文数: 引用数:
h-index:
机构:
[10]
Synergistic effect of graphene and polypyrrole to enhance the SnO2 anode performance in lithium-ion batteries
[J].
Liu, Ruiqing
;
Liu, Yuejiao
;
Kang, Qi
;
Casimir, Anix
;
Zhang, Hanguang
;
Li, Ning
;
Huang, Zhendong
;
Li, Yi
;
Lin, Xiujing
;
Feng, Xiaomiao
;
Ma, Yanwen
;
Wu, Gang
.
RSC ADVANCES,
2016, 6 (12)
:9402-9410

Liu, Ruiqing
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommu, Key Lab Organ Elect & Informat Displays, 9 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommu, Jiangsu Natl Synerget Innovat Ctr Adv Mat SICAM, IAM, 9 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommu, Key Lab Organ Elect & Informat Displays, 9 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China

Liu, Yuejiao
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommu, Key Lab Organ Elect & Informat Displays, 9 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommu, Jiangsu Natl Synerget Innovat Ctr Adv Mat SICAM, IAM, 9 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommu, Key Lab Organ Elect & Informat Displays, 9 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China

Kang, Qi
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommu, Key Lab Organ Elect & Informat Displays, 9 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommu, Jiangsu Natl Synerget Innovat Ctr Adv Mat SICAM, IAM, 9 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommu, Key Lab Organ Elect & Informat Displays, 9 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China

Casimir, Anix
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommu, Key Lab Organ Elect & Informat Displays, 9 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China

Zhang, Hanguang
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommu, Key Lab Organ Elect & Informat Displays, 9 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China

Li, Ning
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Chem Engn & Technol, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommu, Key Lab Organ Elect & Informat Displays, 9 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China

Huang, Zhendong
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommu, Key Lab Organ Elect & Informat Displays, 9 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommu, Jiangsu Natl Synerget Innovat Ctr Adv Mat SICAM, IAM, 9 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommu, Key Lab Organ Elect & Informat Displays, 9 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China

Li, Yi
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommu, Key Lab Organ Elect & Informat Displays, 9 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommu, Jiangsu Natl Synerget Innovat Ctr Adv Mat SICAM, IAM, 9 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommu, Key Lab Organ Elect & Informat Displays, 9 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China

Lin, Xiujing
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommu, Key Lab Organ Elect & Informat Displays, 9 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommu, Jiangsu Natl Synerget Innovat Ctr Adv Mat SICAM, IAM, 9 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommu, Key Lab Organ Elect & Informat Displays, 9 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China

Feng, Xiaomiao
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommu, Key Lab Organ Elect & Informat Displays, 9 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommu, Jiangsu Natl Synerget Innovat Ctr Adv Mat SICAM, IAM, 9 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommu, Key Lab Organ Elect & Informat Displays, 9 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China

Ma, Yanwen
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommu, Key Lab Organ Elect & Informat Displays, 9 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommu, Jiangsu Natl Synerget Innovat Ctr Adv Mat SICAM, IAM, 9 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommu, Key Lab Organ Elect & Informat Displays, 9 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China

Wu, Gang
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommu, Key Lab Organ Elect & Informat Displays, 9 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China