An introduction to the SCOUT-AMMA stratospheric aircraft, balloons and sondes campaign in West Africa, August 2006: rationale and roadmap

被引：36

作者：

Cairo, F. ^{[1
]}

Pommereau, J. P. ^{[2
]}

Law, K. S. ^{[2
]}

Schlager, H. ^{[3
]}

Garnier, A. ^{[2
]}

Fierli, F. ^{[1
]}

Ern, M. ^{[4
]}

Streibel, M. ^{[5
]}

Arabas, S. ^{[6
]}

Borrmann, S. ^{[7
,8
]}

Berthelier, J. J. ^{[2
]}

Blom, C. ^{[9
,10
]}

Christensen, T. ^{[11
]}

D'Amato, F. ^{[12
]}

Di Donfrancesco, G. ^{[13
]}

Deshler, T. ^{[14
]}

Diedhiou, A. ^{[15
]}

Durry, G. ^{[16
,17
]}

Engelsen, O. ^{[18
]}

Goutail, F. ^{[2
]}

Harris, N. R. P. ^{[5
]}

Kerstel, E. R. T. ^{[19
]}

Khaykin, S. ^{[20
]}

Konopka, P. ^{[4
]}

Kylling, A. ^{[18
]}

Larsen, N. ^{[11
]}

Lebel, T. ^{[15
]}

Liu, X. ^{[16
,17
]}

MacKenzie, A. R. ^{[21
]}

Nielsen, J. ^{[11
]}

Oulanowski, A. ^{[20
]}

Parker, D. J. ^{[22
]}

Pelon, J. ^{[2
]}

Polcher, J. ^{[23
]}

Pyle, J. A. ^{[24
,31
]}

Ravegnani, F. ^{[1
]}

Riviere, E. D. ^{[16
,17
]}

Robinson, A. D. ^{[24
]}

Rockmann, T. ^{[25
]}

Schiller, C. ^{[4
]}

Simoes, F. ^{[2
]}

Stefanutti, L. ^{[26
,27
]}

Stroh, F. ^{[4
]}

Some, L. ^{[28
]}

Siegmund, P. ^{[29
]}

Sitnikov, N. ^{[20
]}

Vernier, J. P. ^{[2
]}

Volk, C. M. ^{[30
]}

Voigt, C. ^{[3
,7
]}

von Hobe, M. ^{[4
]}

机构：

[1] CNR, ISAC, I-00185 Rome, Italy

[2] Univ Paris 06, Univ Versailles St Quentin, CNRS, LATMOS, F-75252 Paris 05, France

[3] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany

[4] Forschungszentrum Julich, ICG 1, D-52425 Julich, Germany

[5] Univ Cambridge, European Ozone Res Coordinating Unit, Cambridge, England

[6] Univ Warsaw, Inst Geophys, Warsaw, Poland

[7] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, Mainz, Germany

[8] Max Planck Inst Chem, Particle Chem Dept, D-55128 Mainz, Germany

[9] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, IMK, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany

[10] Univ Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany

[11] Danish Meteorol Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark

[12] CNR, Ist Nazl Ott, Florence, Italy

[13] Ente Nazl Nuove Tecnol Energia & Ambiente, Frascati, Italy

[14] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA

[15] Univ Grenoble 1, Inst Rech Dev France, LTHE, Grenoble, France

[16] Univ Reims, Grp Spect Mol & Atmospher, Fac Sci, Reims, France

[17] CNRS, Reims, France

[18] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Oslo, Norway

[19] Univ Groningen, Ctr Isotope Res, Groningen, Netherlands

[20] Cent Aerol Observ, Moscow, Russia

[21] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England

[22] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England

[23] CNRS, Lab Meteoreol Dynam, Paris, France

[24] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England

[25] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands

[26] CNR, Ist Ric Protez Idrogeol, Florence, Italy

[27] Geophys EEIG, Florence, Italy

[28] INERA, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

[29] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, Utrecht, Netherlands

[30] Wuppertal Univ, Wuppertal, Germany

[31] NCAS Climate, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge, England

来源：

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS | 2010年 / 10卷 / 05期

关键词：

IN-SITU; WATER-VAPOR; TROPICAL STRATOSPHERE; TRANSPORT; BORNE; PARTICLES; INSTRUMENT; MONSOON; CLOUD; OZONE;

D O I：

10.5194/acp-10-2237-2010

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

A multi-platform field measurement campaign involving aircraft and balloons took place over West Africa between 26 July and 25 August 2006, in the frame of the concomitant AMMA Special Observing Period and SCOUT-O-3 African tropical activities. Specifically aiming at sampling the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, the high-altitude research aircraft M55 Geophysica was deployed in Ouagadougou (12.3 degrees N, 1.7 degrees W), Burkina Faso, in conjunction with the German D-20 Falcon, while a series of stratospheric balloons and sonde flights were conducted from Niamey (13.5 degrees N, 2.0 degrees E), Niger. Altogether, these measurements were intended to provide experimental evidence for a better understanding of large scale transport, assessing the effect of lightning on NOx production, and studying the impact of intense mesoscale convective systems on water, aerosol, dust and chemical species in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The M55 Geophysica carried out five local and four transfer flights between southern Europe and the Sahel and back, while eight stratospheric balloons and twenty-nine sondes were flown from Niamey. These experiments allowed a characterization of the tropopause and lower stratosphere of the region. The paper provides an overview of SCOUT-AMMA campaign activities together with a description of the meteorology of the African monsoon and the situation prevailing during the flights and a brief summary of the observations accomplished.

引用

页码：2237 / 2256

页数：20

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