Tobacco and alcohol consumption and the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Objective: The aim was to test whether non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is associated with smoking or alcohol. Methods: A case - control study recruited NHL cases aged 18 - 64 in parts of England between 1998 and 2001. One control was matched to each case on sex, date of birth and area of residence. Self-reported histories of tobacco and alcohol consumption were collected during face-to-face interviews. Results: Among 700 cases and 915 controls, no association of smoking with the risk of NHL was observed [ odds ratio ( OR) = 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85 - 1.28]. Risks were not raised with age started smoking, number of years smoked, and number of years stopped smoking. Compared with persons who drank alcohol once or twice a week, neither abstainers ( OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.64 - 1.67), nor consumers of alcohol one to five times a year ( OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 0.95 - 1.93), one to two times a month ( OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.87 - 1.65), three to four times a week ( OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.62 - 1.10), or most days ( OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.70 - 1.25) increased their risk of developing NHL. Average daily volume or high occasional alcohol consumption were not associated with NHL. Conclusions: NHL was not associated with smoking or alcohol, but collaborative studies could further investigate the risks of rarer WHO subtypes following these exposures.