Nurse Practitioners' Implementation of Evidence-Based Practice Into Routine Care: A Scoping Review

Background Implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) is essential for ensuring high-quality health care at minimum cost. Although all nurses have a responsibility to implement EBP at an individual patient level, nurse practitioners (NPs) as clinical leaders have additional responsibilities in leading and collaborating with transdisciplinary teams to implement EBP across patient groups and embed practice change into routine care. Aim To explore the factors affecting the implementation of EBP into routine care by NPs. Specifically, to examine NP beliefs, levels of EBP implementation, and barriers and enablers to EBP implementation into routine care. Methods A scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley (International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8, 2005, 19) framework. The electronic databases CINAHL, Medline, and PsycINFO were searched for studies published between 2009 and 2018 along with gray literature and reference lists of included articles. s and studies were screened using predefined eligibility criteria. Data extraction was undertaken using a standardized framework and data synthesis completed. Results Seven studies were included in the review. Findings indicated NPs valued EBP and believed it to be important in standardizing patient care. NPs' implementation of EBP was found to be relatively low overall. It was not possible to fully determine the extent to which NPs implemented EBP into routine care. NPs experienced similar barriers to EBP implementation as do nurse generalists such as lack of time, lack of EBP competence, lack of support from colleagues and managers, and inadequate resources. In particular, NPs identified collaborative practice issues as factors affecting EBP implementation. Identified barriers included physician-driven practice and the need to maintain professional and political boundaries. Supportive collaborative relationships and having professional confidence were identified facilitators. Linking Evidence to Action An exploration of NPs' experience of interprofessional collaboration when implementing EBP into routine care is needed to identify requirements for support in this area.