Perfluorinated compounds in some terrestrial and aquatic wildlife species from Poland

Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) at 1.6 - 39 ng/g ww and 4.8 - 200 pg/mL, respectively, perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) at 0.06 - 0.28 ng/g ww and < 0.05 - 1.8 pg/mL, and perfluorodecanoate (PFDA) at 0.13 - 0.57 ng/g ww and 0.05 - 1.8 pg/mL, were detected in all specimens of European Beaver's (Castor fiber) liver as well as in whole blood of Cod (Gadus morhua), Velvet Scoter (Melanitta fusca), Eider Duck (Sommateria mollisima), Long-tailed Duck (Clangula hyemalis), Razorbill (Alca torda), Red-throated Diver (Gavia stellata) sampled in Poland. At smaller concentrations and at less frequency was perfluorononanoate (PFNA) at 0.05 - 1.4 ng/g ww and < 0.2 - 2 pg/mL, perfluorohexanoate (PFHxA) at 0.03 - 0.23 ng/g ww and < 0.05 - 0.69 pg/mL, while perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) at 0.05 - 4.3 pg/mL and perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetate (PFOSA) at 0.1 - 13 pg/mL were also found in Cod as well as in molluscivorous diving-ducks and fish-eating birds but not in Beaver, while perfluoroheptanoate (PFHpA) at < 0.05 - 0.74 pg/mL was found only in Cod.