Why do some universities generate more start-ups than others?

The results of this study provide insight into why some universities generate more new companies to exploit their intellectual property than do others. We compare four different explanations for cross-institutional variation in new firm formation rates from university technology licensing offices (TLOs) over the 1994-1998 period-the availability of venture capital in the university area: the commercial orientation of university research and development; intellectual eminence; and university policies. The results show that intellectual eminence. and the policies of making equity investments in TLO start-ups and maintaining a low inventor's share of royalties increase new firm formation. The paper discusses the implications of these results for university and public policy. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.