Circular RNAs as Novel Regulators of β-Cell Functions under Physiological and Pathological Conditions

被引：25

作者：

Brozzi, Flora ^{[1
]}

Regazzi, Romano ^{[1
,2
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Lausanne, Dept Fundamental Neurosci, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland

[2] Univ Lausanne, Dept Biomed Sci, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland

来源：

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES | 2021年 / 22卷 / 04期

基金：

瑞士国家科学基金会;

关键词：

diabetes; pancreatic islet; insulin; non-coding RNA;

D O I：

10.3390/ijms22041503

中图分类号：

Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];

学科分类号：

071010 ; 081704 ;

摘要：

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) constitute a large class of non-coding RNAs characterized by a covalently closed circular structure. They originate during mRNA maturation through a modification of the splicing process and, according to the included sequences, are classified as Exonic, Intronic, or Exonic-Intronic. CircRNAs can act by sequestering microRNAs, by regulating the activity of specific proteins, and/or by being translated in functional peptides. There is emerging evidence indicating that dysregulation of circRNA expression is associated with pathological conditions, including cancer, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive and updated view of the most abundant circRNAs expressed in pancreatic islet cells, some of which originating from key genes controlling the differentiation and the activity of insulin-secreting cells or from diabetes susceptibility genes. We will particularly focus on the role of a group of circRNAs that contribute to the regulation of beta-cell functions and that display altered expression in the islets of rodent diabetes models and of type 2 diabetic patients. We will also provide an outlook of the unanswered questions regarding circRNA biology and discuss the potential role of circRNAs as biomarkers for beta-cell demise and diabetes development.

引用

页码：1 / 16

页数：16

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