Intermediate-dose melphalan (IDM) combined with G-CSF (filgrastim) is an effective and safe induction therapy for autologous stem cell, transplantation in multiple myeloma

Twenty-one previously untreated multiple myeloma (MM) patients and 10 previously treated patients with refractory or relapsed disease received two or three cycles of intermediate-dose melphalan (70mg/m(2)) (IDM), administered intravenously every 6 weeks. Seven previously untreated patients received three and all other patients received two courses of TDM. The objective of the study was to reduce the toxicity of high-dose melphalan (140 mg/m(2)) (HDM) while maintaining its cytotoxic efficacy and secondly to ensure the possibility of collecting sufficient numbers of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) for transplantation. 18 (85%) previously untreated patients responded, of whom four achieved CR (18%). In addition five out of 10 previously treated patients with refractory or relapsed disease responded although bone marrow toxicity in this category was a major drawback. Toxicity was moderate, consisting of alopecia acid moderate bone marrow suppression: the granulocyte count dropped below 0.5 x 10(9)/l and platelets below 25 x 10(9)/l for a median of 8 and 6 d, respectively. No serious infections occurred and the majority of patients attended the out-patient clinic. In 12/14 previously untreated patients sufficient peripheral blood CD34(+) cells for harvest were present in the repopulation phase after the first IDM. In nine patients peripheral blood stein cells were collected and eight patients have undergone succesful transplantation. Repeated IDM followed by filgrastim is highly effective in untreated MM and may be safely administered to reduce tumour load prior to PBSC collection, Autologous stem cells harvested after repeated IM have a full long-term repopulating capacity.