Breast Cancer Detection in Saudi Arabian Women Using Hybrid Machine Learning on Mammographic Images

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cause of women's deaths worldwide. The mammography technique is the most important modality for the detection of BC. To detect abnormalities in mammographic images, the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADs) is used as a baseline. The correct allocation of BI-RADs categories for mammographic images is always an interesting task, even for specialists. In this work, to detect and classify the mammogram images in BI-RADs, a novel hybrid model is presented using a convolutional neural network (CNN) with the integration of a support vector machine (SVM). The dataset used in this research was collected from different hospitals in the Qassim health cluster of Saudi Arabia. The collection of all categories of BI-RADs is one of the major contributions of this paper. Another significant contribution is the development of a hybrid approach through the integration of CNN and SVM. The proposed hybrid approach uses three CNN models to obtain ensemble CNN model results. This ensemble model saves the values to integrate them with SVM. The proposed system achieved a classification accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and F1-score of 93.6%, 94.8%, 96.9%, 96.6%, and 95.7%, respectively. The proposed model achieved better performance compared to previously available methods.