Integration of electric vehicle charging stations and capacitors in distribution systems with vehicle-to-grid facility

This paper introduces a new hybrid technique for investigating the optimal location of electric vehicle charging stations. Reactive power compensation is also provided along with charging station to deal with power loss issues and retain the distribution network's reliability. Moreover, vehicle to grid facility has been thoroughly examined in this article. The suggested algorithm is the hybrid of gray wolf optimization (GWO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The hybridization of two algorithms combines the desirable attributes of both algorithms and maintains a strong balance between the exploration and exploitation capability. The proposed hybrid approach is applied on IEEE-33 bus and 34-bus distribution systems to minimize the active power loss, maximize the net profit, and improve the reliability of electric grid network. Furthermore, the outcome attained using the anticipated approach is equated with conventional GWO and PSO. For 33-bus system, the proposed technique results in loss reduction of 30.67% and maximizing the net profit by 1142 $ and 1560 $ as compared to GWO and PSO, respectively. Likewise, power losses have been reduced to 27.6% and maximizing the net profit by 1726 $ and 3149 $ as compared to isolated GWO and PSO, respectively, for 34-bus network. The achieved outcomes prove the supremacy of the suggested approach over GWO and PSO to evaluate locations of charging stations' and reactive power source in radial distribution network.