Modified thromboelastography evaluation of platelet dysfunction in patients undergoing coronary artery surgery

Objective: Anti-platelet therapy is associated with increased perioperative bleeding. Although current guidelines call for its caessation 5-10 days prior to cardiac surgery, this could constitute an increased risk of preoperative myocardial infarction. The optimal safe period from discontinuation of anti-platelet therapy to surgery is as yet unknown for the individual patient. We investigated whether preoperative thromboelastography (TEG) with platelet mapping could predict bleeding tendency in patients (on recent anti-platelet therapy) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: We prospectively evaluated 59 patients on aspirin and clopidogrel therapy who underwent CABG. Of them, 25 patients received aspirin alone. TEG with platelet mapping was performed immediately prior to surgery in all 59 patients. Results: During the first 24 h post-surgery, 9/59 patients bled excessively (1216 +/- 310 ml in excessive bleeding vs 576 +/- 155 ml in non-bleeding patients). Of the patients bled excessively, eight received clopidogrel treatment prior to surgery. However, 26 of the remaining 34 patients receiving clopidogrel did not bleed significantly. Clopidogrel-induced platelet dysfunction diagnosed by platelet mapping discerned between patients who demonstrated excessive bleeding and those who did not (78% - sensitivity, 84% - specificity, p = 0.004). Aspirin-induced platelet dysfunction did not reflect a bleeding tendency. Of all patients, 85% did not respond to a standard dose of clopidogrel, whereas 44% did not respond to aspirin. Conclusions: TEG with platelet mapping is able to predict excessive postoperative blood loss among patients who underwent CABG and recent anti-platelet therapy. The prevalence of non-responsiveness to anti-platelet therapy, including clopidogrel, is higher in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting than in the general population. In this study, aspirin-induced platelet dysfunction did not influence postoperative blood loss. (C) 2010 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.