The purpose of this study is to examine the structural relationships among self-efficacy, intrinsic value, test anxiety, instructional design, flow, and achievement among students at a Korean online university. To address research questions, the researchers administered online surveys to 963 college students at an online university in Korea enrolled in a Computer Application course. Structural equation modeling was conducted to investigate the structural relationships among the variables. Findings indicated that (1) self-efficacy and instructional design had statistically significant direct effects on flow, (2) self-efficacy, intrinsic value, and flow had statistically significant direct effects on achievement, and (3) flow mediates self-efficacy and achievement, and instructional design and achievement.
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Qazvin Univ Med Sci, Metab Dis Res Ctr, Res Inst Prevent Noncommunicable Dis, Qazvin, IranQazvin Univ Med Sci, Metab Dis Res Ctr, Res Inst Prevent Noncommunicable Dis, Qazvin, Iran
Hosseinkhani, Zahra
Hassanabadi, Hamid-Reza
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Kharazmi Univ, Dept Educ Psychol, Tehran, IranQazvin Univ Med Sci, Metab Dis Res Ctr, Res Inst Prevent Noncommunicable Dis, Qazvin, Iran
Hassanabadi, Hamid-Reza
Parsaeian, Mahboubeh
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Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Tehran, IranQazvin Univ Med Sci, Metab Dis Res Ctr, Res Inst Prevent Noncommunicable Dis, Qazvin, Iran
Parsaeian, Mahboubeh
Karimi, Mehrdad
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Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Tehran, IranQazvin Univ Med Sci, Metab Dis Res Ctr, Res Inst Prevent Noncommunicable Dis, Qazvin, Iran
Karimi, Mehrdad
Nedjat, Saharnaz
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Univ Tehran Med Sci, Knowledge Utilizat Res Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Tehran, IranQazvin Univ Med Sci, Metab Dis Res Ctr, Res Inst Prevent Noncommunicable Dis, Qazvin, Iran
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Educ Univ Hong Kong, Dept Psychol, Hong Kong, Peoples R ChinaEduc Univ Hong Kong, Dept Psychol, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Tan, Yuting
Yang, Tao
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Beijing Normal Univ, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Assessment Basic Educ Qual, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaEduc Univ Hong Kong, Dept Psychol, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Yang, Tao
Yang, Jianqiang
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Beijing Normal Univ, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Assessment Basic Educ Qual, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaEduc Univ Hong Kong, Dept Psychol, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Yang, Jianqiang
Li, Kexin
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Beijing Normal Univ, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Assessment Basic Educ Qual, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaEduc Univ Hong Kong, Dept Psychol, Hong Kong, Peoples R China