Initialization Vector for application of IEC 61850-90-5 security features on R-GOOSE and R-SV messages

Power systems are going through a significant transformation. Different components such as distributed generators and electric vehicles are deployed in large numbers. In order to cope with their impact on the grid operation, more granular observation is an absolute need. More phasor measurement units (PMUs) are utilized to be the eyes of grid operators on the infrastructure. Traditionally, PMU messages are not equipped with security features and are prone to cyber-attacks. Considering that they carry very sensitive information, repercussions of a potential attack could be very high. In order to address this need, IEC 61850-90-5 has been published recently. This standard introduces new messages, R-GOOSE and R-SV, for PMU communication networks and stipulates use of certain encryption and integrity algorithms. In order to reduce the risk of reverse engineering, these algorithms need an additional input called initialization vector (IV) that is used in calculations. Despite its indispensability for the above-mentioned algorithms, IEC 61850-90-5 does not have any mechanism for use and transfer of this value. In other words, without a viable solution for IV use, the proposed cybersecurity features of this standard cannot be utilized. To address this issue, this paper introduces a new field in R-GOOSE and R-SV messages. Custom-made emulators are utilized to exchange these messages with and without the proposed changes. Lab results show the implementation details and the fact that proposed solution addresses the abovementioned problem with very little impact on the message sizes and End to End delays.