Nutrient limitation in species-rich Calthion grasslands in relation to opportunities for restoration in a peat meadow landscape

Questions Which nutrient(s) limit(s) vegetation productivity in Calthion grasslands? Is phosphorus release a bottleneck for restoration of species-rich Calthion grasslands on rewetted dairy meadows? Location Three species-rich Calthion grasslands in the Western Peat District in the Netherlands. Methods We conducted a field fertilization experiment with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in three existing Calthion grasslands to evaluate the potential for restoration on rewetted dairy meadows. Responses of above-ground biomass, tissue nutrient concentrations and nutrient ratios were determined after 2 yr of fertilization. Results Biomass increased with fertilization with N-only and K-only but did not react to P-only additions. Comparisons of tissue nutrient concentrations and nutrient ratios also gave indications of N and K limitation. Conclusions The strong P release expected after rewetting should not necessarily interfere with restoration of Calthion communities on rewetted dairy meadows. It is concluded that for successful restoration management measures should focus on reducing N and/or K availability. Potassium might be an overlooked bottleneck in the restoration of species-rich grasslands.