Low-dimensional perovskite materials and their optoelectronics

Three-dimensional (3D) organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite materials possess great potential applications for approaching efficient optoelectronics due to the unique optoelectronic properties of perovskite materials and cost-effective manufacturing possibilities of optoelectronics. However, the scientific and technical challenges of 3D perovskite materials were their inferior long-term stability, which hampered their practical applications. The low-dimensional perovskite materials composed of alternating organic and inorganic layers are one of the most credible paths toward stable perovskite photovoltaics and optoelectronics. In this short review, we first present a discussion of the crystal structure and nontrivial optoelectronic properties of the low-dimensional halide perovskites. The synthetic methods for the preparation of the low-dimensional halide perovskites are reviewed. After that, we focus on the recent development of perovskite photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes, and lasers by the low-dimensional halide perovskites. Finally, we outline the challenges of the low-dimensional halide perovskites and their applications.