Interpolation flaps

Interpolation flaps provide an excellent method for reconstruction of large or deep defects where adjacent local tissue cannot supply sufficient donor tissue for repair. These flaps use tissue imported from nonadjacent sites with an inherent blood supply (vascular pedicle) to support the flap while attached to the recipient defect until neovascularization has been ensured between the flap and recipient bed. Hence, they can supply the thickness or bulk needed for large or deep defects and can survive on exposed bone or cartilage. The main disadvantage of these flaps is that they require two stages to complete because the delayed second stage releases the pedicle after inosculation and neovascularization render the tissue independent of the pedicle. This article describes three major interpolation flaps useful in repair of the nose and ear. The forehead, melolabial, and postauricular interpolation flaps are excellent methods that will add to the dermatologic surgeon's reconstructive armamentarium for the repair of large or deep defects.