Radiographic evaluation of the acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints

This article discusses the radiographic evaluation of the sternoclavicular (SC) and acromioclavicular (AC) joints, with emphasis on sports injuries. Radiography is the most frequently used modality in the initial assessment of these joints. Its use, however, is often limited by the obliquity of the joints, overlapping structures, and inability to delineate soft tissues. Thus further work-up with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often required. CT is ideal for diagnosis of clavicular fractures with or without joint involvement, joint malalignment, and subtle osseous changes. MRI is superior in its ability to accurately assess both the intra- and extra-articular soft tissues. Ultrasound currently has a limited role in the evaluation of these small but complex joints.