Factors for Maxillary Sinus Volume and Craniofacial Anatomical Features in Adults With Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Objectives: To compare the volume of the maxillary sinus, dental factors, and craniofacial anatomical features between control subjects and patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and to investigate critical factors for the volumetric change in the maxillary sinus in adults. Design: Retrospective case-control study. Setting: Tertiary referral center. Participants: Ninety-nine individuals who visited an allergy and sinus center: 52 control subjects (septal deviation; mean age, 32.69 years) and 47 patients with CRS (mean age, 44.43 years). Intervention: Cephalometry and computed tomography were performed in all the participants. In blinded tests, dentists investigated the dental status of both groups. Main Outcome Measures: Maxillary sinus: bone thickness and volume on computed tomography; craniofacial anatomical features: linear and angular variables in lateral cephalometry; and dental evaluation: malocclusion class, teeth status, and alveolar bone height. Results: Bony wall thickness of the maxillary sinus significantly increased in patients with CRS (P < .001) but showed no relationship with maxillary sinus volume. Maxillary sinus volume significantly decreased in patients with CRS (P = .001). Age and alveolar bone height had a negative effect on maxillary sinus volume in both groups. Abnormal teeth had no relationship with maxillary sinus volume in both groups but showed a negative effect on alveolar bone height in the CRS group (P = .02). Class 11 malocclusion associated with anterior movement of the maxilla significantly increased in the CRS group (P = .006). Conclusions: Regardless of CRS, maxillary sinus volume decreased with older age and increased with alveolar bone loss. Regarding craniofacial anatomical features, CRS may have an effect on malocclusion in adults.