Integration of remote sensing and GIS for groundwater assessment in Eritrea

An integrated approach with remote sensing, GIS and traditional fieldwork techniques was adopted to assess the groundwater potential in the central highlands of Eritrea. Digitally enhanced color composites and panchromatic images of Landsat TM and Spot were interpreted and thematic maps on lithology and lineaments prepared. Structural features were measured in the field and orientations compared with lineaments derived from both remote sensing data and a DEM. Hydrogeological setting of selected springs and wells were investigated in field excursion, from well logs and pumping test data. All thematic layers were integrated and analysed in a GIS. Results show that high yielding wells and springs are often related to large lineaments and corresponding structural features. Fractures in hydraulic connection with alluvium and weathered bedrock constitute best aquifers. The results demonstrate that the integration of remote sensing, GIs and traditional fieldwork provide a powerful tool in the assessment of water resources.