Cultural Clash: Interpreting Established Use and New Tourism Activities in Protected Natural Areas

Protected natural areas are a significant tourism resource in many countries, including Norway, Sweden, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The provision of tourism facilities in such areas is increasing but this is not without controversy. Tensions have arisen in some areas where international tourist visitation is believed to be affecting traditional cultural and recreational practices. Despite this, little research attention has been given to exploring local users' attitudes towards tourism activities in areas where they have traditionally not existed. Using Fiordland National Park as a case study, this paper reports research on recreational wilderness use in New Zealand by locals and visiting international tourists. Its focus is on local recreationists' attitudes towards international wilderness tourism. The discussion draws on data gathered using in-depth interviews and research diaries. Findings revealed that international tourists were often viewed as a threat to New Zealanders' recreation opportunities and cultural identity. These attitudes appear to be influenced by widely held values and beliefs about the purpose of public conservation lands. A consideration of the links between the natural environment and national identity is seen as crucial when planning for tourism in protected natural areas in the future.