The epidemiology of meningococcal disease and the impact of vaccines

被引：78

作者：

Khatami, Ameneh ^{[1
]}

Pollard, Andrew J. ^{[2
]}

机构：

[1] Churchill Hosp, CCVTM, Dept Paediat, Oxford Vaccine Grp, Oxford OX3 7LJ, England

[2] Univ Oxford, Dept Paediat, Oxford Vaccine Grp, Oxford, England

来源：

EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES | 2010年 / 9卷 / 03期

关键词：

epidemiology; immunization; meningitis; meningococcal disease; vaccine; MENINGITIDIS SEROGROUP-C; TOXOID CONJUGATE VACCINE; MEMBRANE-VESICLE VACCINE; INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; GROUP-A; UNITED-STATES; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHANGING EPIDEMIOLOGY;

D O I：

10.1586/ERV.10.3

中图分类号：

R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];

学科分类号：

100102 ;

摘要：

Neisseria meningitidis causes endemic meningococcal disease worldwide. Serogroups B and C are responsible for the majority of cases of meningococcal disease in Europe, serogroups 13, C and Y cause most disease in the Americas, and serogroups A, C and W135 predominate in Asia and Africa. Polysaccharide vaccines against meningococcal serogroups A, C, Y and W135 have been available for several decades, but have been little used due to poor immunogenicity in young children and minimal effects on nasopharyngeal carriage. Conversely, the introduction of the conjugate serogroup C meningococcal vaccine has dramatically changed the epidemiology of the disease in industrialized nations, showing potential for broader control with A, C, Y and W135 conjugates, and leaving serogroup B as the predominant cause of disease. Development of vaccines for prevention of serogroup B disease in industrialized nations and serogroup A conjugate vaccines for Africa could lead to global control of meningococcal disease.

引用

页码：285 / 298

页数：14

共 159 条

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