Dietary phenylalanine requirements are similar in small, medium, and large breed adult dogs using the direct amino acid oxidation technique

We have previously determined phenylalanine (Phe) requirements in mature dogs; however, little information is available on differences of Phe minimum requirements on different breed sizes. The objective of this study was to determine Phe requirements in adult dogs of three different breed sizes using the direct AA oxidation (DAAO) technique. In total, 12 adult dogs were used, four Miniature Dachshunds (5.3 +/- 0.6 Kg BW; 1.8 +/- 0.1 years old; mean +/- SD), four Beagles (8.3 +/- 0.7 Kg BW; 6.7 +/- 0.2 years old; mean +/- SD), and four Labrador Retrievers (34.9 +/- 2.2 Kg BW; 4.4 +/- 1.4 years old; mean +/- SD). A basal Phe-deficient diet with excess of tyrosine (Tyr) was formulated. Dogs were randomly fed the basal diet supplemented with increasing levels of Phe; the Phe content in the final experimental diets was 0.24, 0.29, 0.34, 0.44, 0.54, 0.64, and 0.74%. After 2 d of adaptation to the experimental diets, dogs underwent individual DAAO studies. During the DAAO studies, total daily feed was divided in 13 equal meals; at the sixth meal, dogs were fed a bolus of L-[1-C-13]-Phe (9.40 mg/kg BW), and thereafter, L-[1-C-13]Phe (2.4 mg/kg BW) was supplied with every meal. Total production of (CO2)-C-13 ((FCO2)-C-13) during isotopic steady state was determined by enrichment of (CO2)-C-13 in breath samples and total production of CO2 measured using indirect calorimetry. The mean requirement for Phe and the 95% confidence interval (CI) was determined using a two-phase linear regression model. To account for differences in feed intake, requirements were expressed in mg. kg BW-1. d(-1). The mean requirement for Phe were 41.9, 41.3, and 42.6, and upper 95% CI of Phe requirements were 57.3, 58.4, and 64.8 mg. kg BW-1. d(-1) for Miniature Dachshunds, Beagles, and Labrador Retrievers, respectively. The mean requirement and the upper 95% CI for the pooled data (all dogs) was 45.3 and 55.4 mg. kg BW-1. d(-1), respectively. In conclusion, the Phe requirements for different breeds were similar among dog breeds studied. However, Phe recommendations proposed in this study are lower than those proposed by NRC and AAFCO (mg. kg BW-1. d(-1)).