Recurrent airway obstruction -: heaves

Heaves, or recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), is a chronic respiratory disease featuring lower airway inflammation, broncho-constriction, and mucus accumulation. Inhaled organic dusts and T helper 2 type immunologic reactions are involved in the complex pathophysiology of RAO. Clinical signs vary and alternate with remission periods. The diagnosis is often based on history and clinical examination in severe cases, but bronchoalveolar lavage may be useful for the detection of early cases. The most important aspect of treatment is to avoid exposure to allergens. Corticosteroids may be administered systemically or by inhalation in combination with bronchodilators and environmental control.