A high energy density lithium/sulfur-oxygen hybrid battery

被引:17
作者
Zhang, Sheng S. [1 ]
Foster, Donald [1 ]
Read, Jeffrey [1 ]
机构
[1] USA, Res Lab, RDRL SED C, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA
关键词
Lithium/sulfur battery; Lithium/air battery; Lithium/sulfur-oxygen hybrid battery; Polysulfide; Air electrode; SULFUR BATTERY; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; CATHODE; DISCHARGE; ELECTROLYTES; CELLS;
D O I
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.12.068
中图分类号
O64 [物理化学(理论化学)、化学物理学];
学科分类号
070304 ; 081704 ;
摘要
In this paper we introduce a lithium/sulfur-oxygen (Li/S-O-2) hybrid cell that is able to operate either in an air or in an environment without air. In the cell, the cathode is a sulfur-carbon composite electrode containing appropriate amount of sulfur. In the air, the cathode first functions as an air electrode that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen into lithium peroxide (Li2O2). Upon the end of oxygen reduction, sulfur starts to discharge like a normal Li/S cell, In the absence of oxygen or air, sulfur alone serves as the active cathode material. That is, sulfur is first reduced to form a soluble polysulfide (Li2Sx, x >= 4) that subsequently discharges into Li2S through a series of disproportionations and reductions. In general, the Li/S-O-2 hybrid cell presents two distinct discharge voltage plateaus, i.e., one at similar to 2.7 V attributing to the reduction of oxygen and the other one at similar to 2.3 V attributing to the reduction of sulfur. Since the final discharge products of oxygen and sulfur are insoluble in the organic electrolyte, it is shown that the overall specific capacity of Li/S-O-2 hybrid cell is determined by the carbon composite electrode, and that the specific capacity varies with the discharge current rate and electrode composition. In this work, we show that a composite electrode composed by weight of 70% M-30 activated carbon, 22% sulfur and 8% polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has a specific capacity of 857 mAh g(-1) vs. M-30 activated carbon at 0.2 mA cm(-2) in comparison with 650 mAh g(-1) of the control electrode consisting of 92% M-30 and 8% PTFE. In addition, the self-discharge of the Li/S-O-2 hybrid cell is expected to be substantially lower when compared with the Li/S cell since oxygen can easily oxidize the soluble polysulfide into insoluble sulfur. Published by Elsevier B.V.
引用
收藏
页码:3684 / 3688
页数:5
相关论文
共 17 条
[1]   A polymer electrolyte-based rechargeable lithium/oxygen battery [J].
Abraham, KM ;
Jiang, Z .
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY, 1996, 143 (01) :1-5
[2]   Rechargeable lithium sulfur battery - I. Structural change of sulfur cathode during discharge and charge [J].
Cheon, SE ;
Ko, KS ;
Cho, JH ;
Kim, SW ;
Chin, EY ;
Kim, HT .
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY, 2003, 150 (06) :A796-A799
[3]   Rechargeable lithium sulfur battery - II. Rate capability and cycle characteristics [J].
Cheon, SE ;
Ko, KS ;
Cho, JH ;
Kim, SW ;
Chin, EY ;
Kim, HT .
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY, 2003, 150 (06) :A800-A805
[4]   Effects of carbon coating on the electrochemical properties of sulfur cathode for lithium/sulfur cell [J].
Choi, Young-Jin ;
Chung, Young-Dong ;
Baek, Chang-Yong ;
Kim, Ki-Won ;
Ahn, Hyo-Jun ;
Ahn, Jou-Hyeon .
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES, 2008, 184 (02) :548-552
[5]   An O2 cathode for rechargeable lithium batteries:: The effect of a catalyst [J].
Debart, Aurelie ;
Bao, Jianli ;
Armstrong, Graham ;
Bruce, Peter G. .
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES, 2007, 174 (02) :1177-1182
[6]   Electrochemical properties of lithium sulfur cells using PEO polymer electrolytes prepared under three different mixing conditions [J].
Jeong, S. S. ;
Lim, Yt. ;
Choi, Y. J. ;
Cho, G. B. ;
Kim, K. W. ;
Ahn, H. J. ;
Cho, K. K. .
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES, 2007, 174 (02) :745-750
[7]  
Ji XL, 2009, NAT MATER, V8, P500, DOI [10.1038/NMAT2460, 10.1038/nmat2460]
[8]   Lithium-sulfur batteries: Problems and solutions [J].
Kolosnitsyn, V. S. ;
Karaseva, E. V. .
RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY, 2008, 44 (05) :506-509
[9]   Polysulfide shuttle study in the Li/S battery system [J].
Mikhaylik, YV ;
Akridge, JR .
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY, 2004, 151 (11) :A1969-A1976
[10]   Low temperature performance of Li/S batteries [J].
Mikhaylik, YV ;
Akridge, JR .
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY, 2003, 150 (03) :A306-A311