Detailed NOX precursor measurements within the reduction zone of a novel small-scale fuel flexible biomass combustion technology

被引:15
作者
Archan, Georg [1 ]
Scharler, Robert [1 ,2 ]
Poelzer, Leonhard [1 ]
Buchmayr, Markus [3 ]
Sommersacher, Peter [2 ]
Hochenauer, Christoph [1 ,2 ]
Gruber, Johann [3 ]
Anca-Couce, Andres [1 ]
机构
[1] Graz Univ Technol, Inst Thermal Engn, Inffeldgasse 25b, A-8010 Graz, Austria
[2] BEST Bioenergy & Sustainable Technol GmbH, Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz, Austria
[3] Hargassner GesmbH, Anton Hargassner Str 1, A-4952 Weng, Austria
关键词
Biomass combustion; Fuel nitrogen conversion; Gas temperature distribution; NOX precursor; Product gas composition; Recirculated flue gas; GAS-PHASE; SPECIES CONCENTRATIONS; NITROGEN; RELEASE; PYROLYSIS; NH3; HCN; APPLICABILITY; INDEXES; GRATE;
D O I
10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121073
中图分类号
TE [石油、天然气工业]; TK [能源与动力工程];
学科分类号
0807 ; 0820 ;
摘要
A novel biomass combustion technology with a compact fixed-bed operated with a low oxygen content and double air staging was investigated. Minimized flue gas emissions at high fuel flexibility were achieved only with primary measures. The fuel nitrogen conversion mechanisms were investigated in detail in the secondary zone of a 30 kW lab-reactor, designed as efficient reduction zone. Experimental investigations were carried out to determine the distribution of gas temperatures, main dry product gas components as well as NOX precursors such as NH3 and HCN along the height of the reduction zone. The objective was to determine and understand the various fuel nitrogen conversion mechanisms in the reduction zone that can minimize NOX emissions. It was found that the HCN/NH3 ratio increases with the fuel nitrogen content. This corresponds to an unexpected opposite trend to typical biomass grate furnaces. It was concluded that it is crucial for the HCN/NH3 ratio whether the released nitrogen tars are already cracked in the fixed-bed or only in the gas phase, as in the novel technology. Furthermore, the influence of gas temperature, air ratio, mixing, recirculated flue gas and residence time on the formation and reduction of NH3, HCN and NO is discussed. Finally, this novel technology achieves NOX emissions of<95 mg.m(-3) and 175 mg.m(-3) for woody and herbaceous fuels, respectively, which is well below the small-scale state-of-the-art for the respective N contents and it achieves fuel nitrogen conversions to NOX in flue gas of 35% and 25%, respectively.
引用
收藏
页数:12
相关论文
共 52 条
[1]   Release of nitrogen precursors from coal and biomass residues in a bubbling fluidized bed [J].
Abelha, P. ;
Gulyurtlu, I. ;
Cabrita, I. .
ENERGY & FUELS, 2008, 22 (01) :363-371
[2]   Bioenergy technologies, uses, market and future trends with Austria as a case study [J].
Anca-Couce, A. ;
Hochenauer, C. ;
Scharler, R. .
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS, 2021, 135
[3]   Experiments and modelling of NOx precursors release (NH3 and HCN) in fixed-bed biomass combustion conditions [J].
Anca-Couce, Andres ;
Sommersacher, Peter ;
Evic, Nikola ;
Mehrabian, Ramin ;
Scharler, Robert .
FUEL, 2018, 222 :529-537
[4]   Reaction mechanisms and multi-scale modelling of lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis [J].
Anca-Couce, Andres .
PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE, 2016, 53 :41-79
[5]  
[Anonymous], DIN 38406-5-1983-10
[6]  
[Anonymous], 2014, ISO1722542014 ISO1722542014
[7]  
[Anonymous], 2015, 1813412015 ISO
[8]  
[Anonymous], 2014, ISO 17225-6:2014
[9]   Experimental evaluation of primary measures for NOX and dust emission reduction in a novel 200 kW multi-fuel biomass boiler [J].
Archan, Georg ;
Anca-Couce, Andres ;
Buchmayr, Markus ;
Hochenauer, Christoph ;
Gruber, Johann ;
Scharler, Robert .
RENEWABLE ENERGY, 2021, 170 :1186-1196
[10]   Detailed experimental investigation of the spatially distributed gas release and bed temperatures in fixed-bed biomass combustion with low oxygen concentration [J].
Archan, Georg ;
Anca-Couce, Andres ;
Gregorc, Jurij ;
Buchmayr, Markus ;
Hochenauer, Christoph ;
Gruber, Johann ;
Scharler, Robert .
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY, 2020, 141 (141)