[1] Queens Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Kingston, ON, Canada
[2] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Res Inst Sport & Exercise Sci, Liverpool L3 5UX, Merseyside, England
[3] Univ Ulster, Sport & Exercise Sci Res Inst, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland
[4] Univ Manchester, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Manchester, Lancs, England
[5] Waterford Inst Technol, Dept Hlth Sport & Exercise Sci, Waterford, Ireland