Laparoscopic pyelolithotomy in pelvic ectopic kidney: Case report and literature review

Introduction: Pelvic kidney is a rare congenital anomaly. The ectopic kidney is more susceptible to developing lithiasis. The management of this type of lithiasis is a challenge. The objective of this paper was to conduct a review of available literature on the treatment of stone in ectopic kidney. Material and methods: Description of a case of transperitoneal laparoscopic pyelolithotomy for the treatment of inferior calyceal lithiasis in a right pelvic kidney. A literature review was performed by using Pubmed. The following terms and combination terms were searched: "pelvic ectopic kidney", "ureterorenoscopy", "extracorporeal lithotripsy", "PCNL", "pyelolithotomy". We included original articles, meta-analysis, review and case reports. Results: 130 articles were excluded by title or duplication. 62 abstracts articles and them 50 full text articles were evaluated. Stone free rate were 75% (SLW), 85% (URSf), 85-90% (PCNL) and 100% (laparoscopic pyelotithotomy). The literature on treatment on pelvic kidney is poor. Conclusion: Factors such stone size, density and location, and upper urinary tract abnormalities, influence the choice of therapeutic approach (retrograde, percutaneous and/or laparoscopic/robotic). Laparoscopic pyelolithotomy is a safe and minimally invasive treatment option for large kidney stones with unfavorable anatomy for the endoscopic approach. (C) 2021 AEU. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved.