Stability-indicating reversed-phase/normal-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography technique for the determination of arbidol: Green analytical chemistry viewpoint

The sensitive and rapid stability-indicating green reversed-phase (RP)/routine normal-phase (NP) high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) technique has been established for the analysis of arbidol (ADL) from green analytical chemistry viewpoint. The green reversed-phase analysis of ADL was carried out using RP-18 silica gel 60 F254S plates. The mobile phase for the green reversed-phase technique was ethanol/water/ammonia (80:10:10, vol/vol/vol). The routine normal-phase analysis of ADL was performed using NP-18 silica gel 60 F254S plates. The mobile phase for the routine normal-phase technique was hexane/acetone/ammonia (50:45:5, vol/vol/vol). The detection of ADL was performed at 317 nm for both of the techniques. The linearity ranges for the green reversed-phase and routine normal-phase techniques were recorded as 40-800 ng/band and 100-600 ng/band, respectively. The proposed reversed-phase HPTLC technique was also found to be stability-indicating for the quantification of ADL in the presence of impurities/degradation products. The AGREE scores for green reversed-phase HPTLC and routine normal-phase HPTLC techniques were obtained as 0.86 and 0.49, respectively, suggesting the excellent greenness for reversed-phase HPTLC technique compared with routine normal-phase HPTLC technique. Overall, the green reversed-phase HPTLC technique was found to be superior over routine normal-phase HPTLC technique for the detection of ADL.