Efficacy of the tract embolization technique with gelatin sponge slurry to reduce pneumothorax and chest tube placement after percutaneous CT-guided lung biopsy

Purpose To assess the efficacy of the tract embolization technique using gelatin sponge slurry after CT-guided lung biopsy to reduce pneumothorax and chest tube placement rates. Materials and Methods We retrospectively compared 231 CT-guided lung biopsies performed with the tract embolization technique using gelatin sponge slurry (treated group) with 213 biopsies performed without embolization (control group). All procedures were performed at our institution between January 2014 and September 2018 by one of three experienced interventional radiologists using a 19-gauge coaxial needle. Multivariate analysis was performed between groups for risk factors for pneumothorax and chest tube placement, including patient demographics and lesion characteristics. Results When comparing the two groups, there was no significant difference concerning age, gender, emphysema, lesion size, lesion location, lesion morphology, needle tract depth and biopsy-side down patient positioning. Compared to the control group, patients with gelatin sponge slurry tract embolization had statistically lower rates of pneumothorax (10% vs. 25.8%; p < 0.0001) and chest tube placement (3.5% vs. 12.2%; p = 0.0005). Using multiple logistic regression analysis, the only variable that had an influence on the pneumothorax rate was the group (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.18-0.56, p < 0.0001), and the variables that had an influence on the chest tube insertion rates were the group (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.08-0.51, p = 0.0006) and presence of emphysema (OR 3.50, 95% CI 1.53-8.03, p = 0.0031). Conclusions Tract embolization technique using gelatin sponge slurry after percutaneous CT-guided lung biopsy significantly reduces pneumothorax and chest tube placement rates.