How Well Are We Measuring Snow Post-SPICE?

被引：40

作者：

Kochendorfer, John ^{[1
]}

Earle, Michael ^{[2
]}

Rasmussen, Roy ^{[3
]}

Smith, Craig ^{[4
]}

Yang, Daqing ^{[5
]}

Morin, Samuel ^{[6
]}

Mekis, Eva ^{[7
]}

Buisan, Samuel ^{[8
]}

Roulet, Yves-Alain ^{[9
]}

Landolt, Scott ^{[3
]}

Wolff, Mareile ^{[10
,11
]}

Hoover, Jeffery ^{[12
]}

Theriault, Julie M. ^{[13
]}

Lee, Gyuwon ^{[14
]}

Baker, Bruce ^{[1
]}

Nitu, Rodica ^{[12
]}

Lanza, Luca ^{[15
,16
]}

Colli, Matteo ^{[17
]}

Meyers, Tilden ^{[12
]}

机构：

[1] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA

[2] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Dartmouth, NS, Canada

[3] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA

[4] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Saskatoon, SK, Canada

[5] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Res Div, Victoria, BC, Canada

[6] Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Toulouse, Ctr Etud Neige, CNRM,Meteo France,CNRS, Grenoble, France

[7] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada

[8] Agencia Estatal Meteorol, Aragon Reg Off, Zaragoza, Spain

[9] MeteoSwiss, Payerne, Switzerland

[10] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, As, Norway

[11] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, As, Norway

[12] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada

[13] Univ Quebec Montreal, ESCER Ctr, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada

[14] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Daegu, South Korea

[15] Univ Genoa, Dept Civil Chem & Environm Engn, Genoa, Italy

[16] WMO CIMO Lead Ctr B Castelli Precipitat Intens, Genoa, Italy

[17] Artys Srl, Genoa, Italy

来源：

BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY | 2022年 / 103卷 / 02期

基金：

美国海洋和大气管理局;

关键词：

Precipitation; Snowfall; Freezing precipitation; Hydrology; Instrumentation/sensors; Measurements; DAILY PRECIPITATION MEASUREMENTS; GAUGE COLLECTION EFFICIENCY; BIAS CORRECTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENSEMBLE; ALPS; ACCUMULATION; UNCERTAINTY; SIMULATION; ADJUSTMENT;

D O I：

10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0228.1

中图分类号：

P4 [大气科学（气象学）];

学科分类号：

0706 ; 070601 ;

摘要：

Accurate snowfall measurements are necessary for meteorology, hydrology, and climate research. Typical uses include creating and calibrating gridded precipitation products, the verification of model simulations, driving hydrologic models, input into aircraft deicing processes, and estimating streamflow runoff in the spring. These applications are significantly impacted by errors in solid precipitation measurements. The recent WMO Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment (SPICE) attempted to characterize and reduce some of the measurement uncertainties through an international effort involving 15 countries utilizing over 20 types and models of precipitation gauges from various manufacturers. Key results from WMO-SPICE are presented herein. Recent work and future research opportunities that build on the results of WMO-SPICE are also highlighted.

引用

页码：E370 / E388

页数：19

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