Solitary waves and double layers in complex plasma media

A complex plasma medium (containing Cairns nonthermal electron, adiabatically warm inertial ion, and stationary positively charged dust (PCD) species (making a plasma system very complex) is considered. The effects of PCD species, nonthermal electron species, and adiabatic ion-temperature on ion-acoustic (IA) solitary waves (SWs) and double layers (DLs) are investigated by the pseudo-potential approach, which is valid for the arbitrary amplitude time-independent SWs and DLs. It is observed that the presence of the PCD species reduces the phase speed of the IA waves, and consequently supports the IA subsonic compressive SWs in electron-ion-PCD plasmas. On the other hand, the increase in both adiabatic ion-temperature and the number of nonthermal or fast electrons causes to reduce the possibility for the formation of subsonic SWs, and thus convert subsonic SWs into supersonic ones. It is observed that after at a certain value of the nonthermal parameter, the IA supersonic SWs with both positive and negative potentials as well as DLs with only negative potential exist. The applications of the work in space environments (viz. Earth's mesosphere, cometary tails, Jupiter's magnetosphere, etc.) and laboratory devices, where warm ion and nonthermal electron species along with PCD species have been observed, are briefly discussed.